The sources
Every normalized plant evidence row resolves to this registry: 130 sources, 66 of them primary — labs, field programs, and original curations whose independent lineages carry the vote. Compilations corroborate; they never vote, and a rater's republications count once. Range, status, hardiness, and maintenance references answer separate questions and never enter the fire vote. Each source page lists every plant with a published page assertion or evidence row. A larger normalized research derivative, when one exists, is reported separately rather than being misdescribed as page content. The derivation rule itself is on the methodology page.
Primary evidence (66)
- Eastern United States Fire Performance Plant Selector Keyed curation ›
- USDA PLANTS Database — Plant Characteristics Hardiness reference ›
- Firewise Landscaping in North Carolina (E05-44596) Expert-curated ›
- Fire Resistance of Plants Master Database Field program ›
- Fire-Resistant Plants for Home Landscapes (PNW 590) Expert-curated ›
- Wildfire-resistant Landscape Plants for Michigan (Extension Bulletin E2948) Expert-curated ›
- Low Flammability Plants directory Lab-tested ›
- Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300) Expert-curated ›
- Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921) Expert-curated ›
- Fire-resistant Landscape Plants for the Willamette Valley (EM 9103) Expert-curated ›
- Guía de pirojardinería — guía práctica de jardinería adaptada a la prevención de incendios forestales Expert-curated ›
- Fire-Resistant Landscaping in North Carolina (AG-874) Expert-curated ›
- Fire-resistant plant profile galleries Expert-curated ›
- Fire Resistant and Retardant Plants Field program ›
- Fire Resisting Garden Plants for the Urban Fringe and Rural Areas Expert-curated ›
- Ignition-Resistant Landscape Plants (Fact Sheet 6.305) Field program ›
- Jardinería de baja inflamabilidad para las zonas de interfaz urbano-forestal Expert-curated ›
- Fire-Resistant Plants for Montana Landscapes (MontGuide MT200101AG) Expert-curated ›
- Fire-Resistant Plants for Oregon Home Landscapes Expert-curated ›
- Firewise Plants for Utah Landscapes (NR/FF/002) Expert-curated ›
- Firewise Plants for the Puget Sound Basin Expert-curated ›
- Landscaping for Wildfire Defensible Space in Northeastern Minnesota (Firewise) Keyed curation ›
- Tree fire-protection classification in Hito to Shinrin (人と森林) Expert-curated ›
- A quantitative assessment of shoot flammability for 60 tree and shrub species Lab-tested ›
- Low-volume and slow-burning vegetation for planting on clearings in California chaparral Field program ›
- Time to extinguish the exotic flame: Lessons from the 2021 Cape Town fire Lab-tested ›
- Combustion characteristics of north-eastern USA vegetation tested in the cone calorimeter Lab-tested ›
- Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field Lab-tested ›
- Quantifying and ranking the flammability of ornamental shrubs in the southern United States Lab-tested ›
- Inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes (Valette 1990) Lab-tested ›
- The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria) Lab-tested ›
- Fire-Retardant Plants for Brush Fire Prevention in Hillside Residential Areas Field program ›
- Landscaping in Florida with Fire in Mind Expert-curated ›
- Prohibited Flammable Plants (Ashland Municipal Code 9.04) Regulation ›
- Firewise Landscaping — A Guide to Protecting Your Home from Wildfire Expert-curated ›
- Protecting your home from wildfire — plants and tips that can reduce your risk Lab-tested ›
- Ordering and sorting of fire resistance of tree leaves Lab-tested ›
- The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the WUI Lab-tested ›
- Selective Shrub Management to Preserve Mediterranean Forests and Reduce the Risk of Fire Expert-curated ›
- Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation — an update Lab-tested ›
- Sensibilité des haies face aux incendies de forêt sous climat méditerranéen Lab-tested ›
- Greenstrips: Another Tool to Manage Wildfire (Fact Sheet 97-36) Expert-curated ›
- Landscape for Fire Protection Expert-curated ›
- Fuel Breaks to Reduce Large Wildfire Impacts in Sagebrush Ecosystems (Plant Materials Technical Note 66) Expert-curated ›
- Forage Kochia Helps Fight Range Fires Expert-curated ›
- Comportamento do fogo em espécies nativas da Caatinga na região geográfica imediata de Patos-PB Field program ›
- Firewise Landscaping in Texas: The Right Plant for the Right Place Expert-curated ›
- Flammability of native understory species in pine flatwood and hardwood hammock ecosystems Lab-tested ›
- Flammability of some companion species in cork oak forests Lab-tested ›
- Shoot flammability patterns in native and exotic street tree species at the WUI of eastern Australia Lab-tested ›
- Fire hazard assessment at different scales in the WUI of semiarid northern Patagonia Lab-tested ›
- Flammability of some ornamental species in wildland-urban interfaces in southeastern France Lab-tested ›
- Evaluation of the flammability of trees and shrubs used in green barriers in southern Brazil Lab-tested ›
- Firewise Plantings Can Help Protect Property Expert-curated ›
- Flammability of tree species for use in fuelbreaks in forest-fire prevention Lab-tested ›
- Leaf thermal and chemical properties as natural drivers of plant flammability Lab-tested ›
- Thermo- and physicochemical properties of native and exotic forest species of Valparaíso Lab-tested ›
- A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels Lab-tested ›
- Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Preparing a Firewise Plant List for WUI Residents Expert-curated ›
- Survey of low-flammability plants in burned Cerrado areas and analysis of physical properties Post-fire survey ›
- Thermal analysis of low-flammability plants for green barriers against forest fires Lab-tested ›
- Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Selecting and Maintaining Firewise Plants for Landscaping Expert-curated ›
- Firewise: Fire Resistant Plants Expert-curated ›
- Flammability evaluation of Ligustrum lucidum for potential use in fuelbreaks Field program ›
- Flammability of urban ornamental species for use in green firebreaks Lab-tested ›
- Possible land management uses of common cypress to reduce wildfire initiation risk: a laboratory study Lab-tested ›
Browse corroborating sources (64)
- World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 16 Range database ›
- FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database Trait database ›
- United States Register of Introduced and Invasive Species, version 2.0 Status registry ›
- FireSmart BC Plant Program — fire-resistant plant chart Compilation ›
- North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox — plant profiles and flammability ratings Expert-curated ›
- USDA AMS 2026 State Noxious-Weed Seed Requirements Regulatory list ›
- Fire-Resistant and Fire-Prone Plants Common to Yavapai County (Bulletin 34) Expert-curated ›
- Firewise Landscaping Plants (Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia editions) Compilation ›
- Firewise Plant Guide HOA exhibit ›
- Defensible Space Landscaping in the Urban/Wildland Interface: A Compilation of Fire Performance Ratings of Residential Landscape Plants Compilation ›
- A Compilation of Good Plant Choices for Nevada's High Fire Hazard Areas (SP-05-16) Compilation ›
- Canberra Plant Selector — fire-retardant attribute Compilation ›
- Fire-Resistant Plants Common to Marin County Expert-curated ›
- FireWise Plant List for New Mexico Compilation ›
- Fremont County Firewise Plant List Compilation ›
- Home Landscaping Guide for Lake Tahoe and Vicinity (Ed. Bulletin 06-01) Compilation ›
- Landscaping Guidelines to Protect Your Home from Wildfire (SP685) Compilation ›
- FIREWISE Plant Materials for 3,000 ft. and Higher Elevations (AZ1289) Compilation ›
- Landscaping Can Be Attractive & FIREWISE (Fire Smart Plant List for SC) Compilation ›
- Protect Your Home from Wildfire — Fire Resistant Vegetation and Landscaping Expert-curated ›
- Firewise Landscaping (Travis County) Compilation ›
- Firewise Plant Material for the Black Hills Compilation ›
- Κανονισμός Πυροπροστασίας Ακινήτων εντός ή πλησίον δασικών εκτάσεων Regulation ›
- Fire-Resistant Plants for Eastern Washington Compilation ›
- Maine Chapter 273 Do Not Sell and Special Concern Lists Regulatory list ›
- Maine fire-resistant plant list Compilation ›
- Massachusetts Prohibited Plant List Regulatory list ›
- Firewise Landscaping (Hammond Research Station) Compilation ›
- New York 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species Regulatory list ›
- Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes Compilation ›
- Delaware 3 DE Admin. Code 806 Invasive Plant and Plant Watch Lists Regulatory list ›
- Ohio OAC 901:5-30-01 Invasive Plant Species Regulatory list ›
- Living More Safely in the Chaparral-Urban Interface Compilation ›
- Fire Effects Information System (FEIS) Compilation ›
- Fire Retardant Plants: Literature Review and Plant List Compilation ›
- Indiana 312 IAC 18-3-25 Prohibited Invasive Terrestrial Plants Regulatory list ›
- FireWise Plants offer colorful choices for Fire Safe Gardens Compilation ›
- Les franges perimetrals de protecció contra els incendis forestals Regulation ›
- Washington State Noxious Weed List (WAC 16-750) Regulatory list ›
- Yanan Orman Alanlarının Rehabilitasyonu ve Yangına Dirençli Ormanlar Tesisi Projesi — 6976 Sayılı YARDOP Tamimi Regulation ›
- Virginia 2VAC5-317 Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Noxious Weeds Regulatory list ›
- Recommended Acceptable Fire Resistive Plant Species Compilation ›
- Save Your Home from Wildfire (ForFS 17-01) Compilation ›
- Colorado Noxious Weed Act Rules (8 CCR 1206-2) Regulatory list ›
- Federal noxious weed designations, 7 CFR 360.200 Regulatory list ›
- State of Utah Noxious Weed List (R68-9) Regulatory list ›
- Safer Gardens: Plant Flammability & Planning for Fire Compilation ›
- Firewise Landscaping Compilation ›
- Landscaping to Reduce Wildfire Risk: South Florida Edition Expert-curated ›
- Fire-Resistant vs. Highly Flammable Plants Compilation ›
- Planning for Bush Fire Protection 2019 — Appendix A1.9 exotic vegetation Regulation ›
- השרפה בהרי יהודה – 2021: ניתוח, תובנות והמלצות Expert-curated ›
- Firescaping: Wildfire-Resistant Landscaping in Georgia Compilation ›
- Firewise Landscaping for Utah (2007) Compilation ›
- Nevada NAC 555.010 Category A, B, and C Noxious Weeds Regulatory list ›
- Best Practices for Fire Resistant Landscaping Regulation ›
- Oregon State Fire Marshal — Fire-Resistant Plants quiz Mirror ›
- Protect your home and wildlife — top fire-resistant native plants for Queensland backyards Compilation ›
- Protecting Your Home and Landscape Against Wildfires Compilation ›
- Living With Fire — A Homeowner's Guide, Eastern Nebraska Edition Compilation ›
- Bushfire Best Practice Guide — Landscaping Compilation ›
- Débroussaillement — Le Guide Complet : conseils et règlementation Regulation ›
- מסמך מאגד הנחיות למניעת שרפות ולשיקום יער לאחר שרפות Regulation ›
- Living With Fire Plant List Generator (2024-03-05 workbook) Compilation ›