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jack pine

Pinus banksiana · Pinaceae · all Pinus records · also called Pinus banksiana · Wikipedia

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Is this one for your yard?

Enter your ZIP to see whether this is legal to plant in your state, and whether it survives your winter.

Form
tree
Mature height
~80 ft
Water need
low
Rated in
Global
On this lot

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence
Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Evidence regions
Global

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution
Documented in IL, IN, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, ND, NH, NY, OH, PA, RI, VT, WI, WV.
Native range
Current cited native range in IL, IN, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, ND, NH, NY, OH, PA, RI, VT, WI, WV.
USDA hardiness
Documented minimum 1b; no upper limit is documented.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Native and introduced range evidence

These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval. Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.

Current native

16

exact source areas

Current introduced

0

exact source areas

Qualified

0

doubtful or extinct source rows

16 native source areas · World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 16 v16, as of 2026-06-04
  • Illinois (IL)
  • Indiana (IN)
  • Massachusetts (MA)
  • Maine (ME)
  • Michigan (MI)
  • Minnesota (MN)
  • Missouri (MO)
  • North Dakota (ND)
  • New Hampshire (NH)
  • New York (NY)
  • Ohio (OH)
  • Pennsylvania (PA)
  • Rhode I. (RI)
  • Vermont (VT)
  • Wisconsin (WI)
  • West Virginia (WV)

The lossless worldwide derivative is retained once in the research corpus; object pages repeat only exact U.S. areas needed by the local lens. The JSON twin carries the same page assertions.

Plant hardiness evidence

These values describe the plant source. Your ZIP zone comes from the separate 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Whole-zone values stay whole-zone, and a single unresolved value is not treated as a tolerance range. Different source boundaries stay separate: overlapping statements are compared independently, while only ranges with no shared zone are called a conflict.

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Listed without a rating (60)
Corroboration (60 rows from 1 source)

  • FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

    60 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.

    • Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.

      Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement.

        • “flame height (cm): 46.4”

          FLAMITS record 3387.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.04”

          FLAMITS record 3391.

      • Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement.

        • “flaming duration (s): 69.9”

          FLAMITS record 3388.

        • “burning duration (s): 2376”

          FLAMITS record 3389.

      • “burnt biomass (%): 60.7”

        FLAMITS record 3390; Consumability measurement.

    • Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.

      Shared row context: Combustibility measurement; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june.

      • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5102”

        FLAMITS record 5027; plant part leaves.

      • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5156”

        FLAMITS record 5028; plant part twigs.

      • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5148”

        FLAMITS record 5029; plant part litter.

    • Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.

      Shared row context: plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-4; sampling ND.

      • “flame height (cm): 49.4”

        FLAMITS record 15657; Combustibility measurement.

      • Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement.

        • “flaming duration (s): 149.4”

          FLAMITS record 15658.

        • “smouldering duration (s): 258.8”

          FLAMITS record 15659.

      • “burnt biomass (%): 71.5”

        FLAMITS record 15660; Consumability measurement.

    • Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.

      Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; site Campos2022-1.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; device burning bench; sampling june.

        • “time to flaming (s): 49.67”

          FLAMITS record 15764.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.79”

          FLAMITS record 15768.

        • “time to flaming (s): 6.84”

          FLAMITS record 15772.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; device burning bench; sampling july.

        • “time to flaming (s): 14.27”

          FLAMITS record 15765.

        • “time to flaming (s): 5.82”

          FLAMITS record 15769.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.61”

          FLAMITS record 15773.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; device burning bench; sampling august.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.64”

          FLAMITS record 15766.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.22”

          FLAMITS record 15770.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.49”

          FLAMITS record 15774.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; device burning bench; sampling september.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.31”

          FLAMITS record 15767.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.41”

          FLAMITS record 15771.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.99”

          FLAMITS record 15775.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; device calorimeter; sampling june.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 63.66”

          FLAMITS record 15776.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 78.01”

          FLAMITS record 15780.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 74.38”

          FLAMITS record 15784.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; device calorimeter; sampling july.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 75.19”

          FLAMITS record 15777.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 102.52”

          FLAMITS record 15781.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 130.5”

          FLAMITS record 15785.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; device calorimeter; sampling august.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 97.05”

          FLAMITS record 15778.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 101.72”

          FLAMITS record 15782.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 100.43”

          FLAMITS record 15786.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; device calorimeter; sampling september.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 72.71”

          FLAMITS record 15779.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 98.99”

          FLAMITS record 15783.

        • “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 96.17”

          FLAMITS record 15787.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; device burning bench; sampling june.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3377.1511”

          FLAMITS record 15788.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2103.25”

          FLAMITS record 15792.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2495.2199”

          FLAMITS record 15796.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.012”

          FLAMITS record 15800.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.014”

          FLAMITS record 15804.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.014”

          FLAMITS record 15808.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; device burning bench; sampling july.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2010.038”

          FLAMITS record 15789.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2729.4455”

          FLAMITS record 15793.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3102.2945”

          FLAMITS record 15797.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.013”

          FLAMITS record 15801.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.019”

          FLAMITS record 15805.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.018”

          FLAMITS record 15809.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; device burning bench; sampling august.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 975.1434”

          FLAMITS record 15790.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1101.816”

          FLAMITS record 15794.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 901.0516”

          FLAMITS record 15798.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.018”

          FLAMITS record 15802.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.017”

          FLAMITS record 15806.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.015”

          FLAMITS record 15810.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; device burning bench; sampling september.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 368.0688”

          FLAMITS record 15791.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 922.5621”

          FLAMITS record 15795.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 910.6119”

          FLAMITS record 15799.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.015”

          FLAMITS record 15803.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.017”

          FLAMITS record 15807.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.017”

          FLAMITS record 15811.

Fire-resistant trees instead

American basswood
Tilia americana quaking aspen
Populus tremuloides black cherry
Prunus serotina sugar maple
Acer saccharum green ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Lombardy poplar
Populus nigra 'Italica'
Same genus in the directory · the Pinus group page

Last verified 2026-08-25. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF · iNaturalist · Wikidata · Wikipedia · ITIS

Pinus banksiana (Pinus banksiana). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/pinus-banksiana/. Last verified 2026-08-25.