Current native
16
exact source areas
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Pinus banksiana
Your local evidence lens
A genus split is not a placement verdict. Set a ZIP to read the local documented split.
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval. Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.
Current native
exact source areas
Current introduced
exact source areas
Qualified
doubtful or extinct source rows
USDA PLANTS Database — Plant Characteristics
Minimum 1b · no upper limit documented
FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database
“flame height (cm): 46.4”
FLAMITS record 3387; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.
“flaming duration (s): 69.9”
FLAMITS record 3388; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.
“burning duration (s): 2376”
FLAMITS record 3389; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.
“burnt biomass (%): 60.7”
FLAMITS record 3390; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.04”
FLAMITS record 3391; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 5102”
FLAMITS record 5027; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 5156”
FLAMITS record 5028; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 5148”
FLAMITS record 5029; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.
“flame height (cm): 49.4”
FLAMITS record 15657; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.
“flaming duration (s): 149.4”
FLAMITS record 15658; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.
“smouldering duration (s): 258.8”
FLAMITS record 15659; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.
“burnt biomass (%): 71.5”
FLAMITS record 15660; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.
“time to flaming (s): 49.67”
FLAMITS record 15764; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 14.27”
FLAMITS record 15765; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 4.64”
FLAMITS record 15766; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 4.31”
FLAMITS record 15767; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 4.79”
FLAMITS record 15768; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 5.82”
FLAMITS record 15769; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 4.22”
FLAMITS record 15770; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 4.41”
FLAMITS record 15771; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 6.84”
FLAMITS record 15772; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 4.61”
FLAMITS record 15773; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 4.49”
FLAMITS record 15774; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“time to flaming (s): 4.99”
FLAMITS record 15775; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 63.66”
FLAMITS record 15776; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 75.19”
FLAMITS record 15777; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 97.05”
FLAMITS record 15778; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 72.71”
FLAMITS record 15779; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 78.01”
FLAMITS record 15780; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 102.52”
FLAMITS record 15781; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 101.72”
FLAMITS record 15782; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 98.99”
FLAMITS record 15783; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 74.38”
FLAMITS record 15784; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 130.5”
FLAMITS record 15785; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 100.43”
FLAMITS record 15786; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 96.17”
FLAMITS record 15787; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 3377.1511”
FLAMITS record 15788; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 2010.038”
FLAMITS record 15789; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 975.1434”
FLAMITS record 15790; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 368.0688”
FLAMITS record 15791; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 2103.25”
FLAMITS record 15792; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 2729.4455”
FLAMITS record 15793; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 1101.816”
FLAMITS record 15794; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 922.5621”
FLAMITS record 15795; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 2495.2199”
FLAMITS record 15796; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 3102.2945”
FLAMITS record 15797; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 901.0516”
FLAMITS record 15798; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 910.6119”
FLAMITS record 15799; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.012”
FLAMITS record 15800; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.013”
FLAMITS record 15801; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.018”
FLAMITS record 15802; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.015”
FLAMITS record 15803; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.014”
FLAMITS record 15804; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.019”
FLAMITS record 15805; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.017”
FLAMITS record 15806; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.017”
FLAMITS record 15807; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.014”
FLAMITS record 15808; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.018”
FLAMITS record 15809; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.015”
FLAMITS record 15810; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.017”
FLAMITS record 15811; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.