{"id":"pinus-banksiana","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pinus banksiana","commonNames":["Pinus banksiana"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pinus banksiana","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PIBA2","gbifKey":5285533},"usdaZoneMin":"1b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["IL","IN","MA","ME","MI","MN","MO","ND","NH","NY","OH","PA","RI","VT","WI","WV"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ILL — Illinois"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 INI — Indiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAS — Massachusetts"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ME"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAI — Maine"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIC — Michigan"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIN — Minnesota"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MO"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSO — Missouri"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ND"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NDA — North Dakota"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWH — New Hampshire"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 OHI — Ohio"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["RI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 RHO — Rhode I."]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VER — Vermont"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WIS — Wisconsin"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WVA — West Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"1b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-53,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIBA2","sourceTaxon":"Pinus banksiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15415, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":80,"waterNeed":"low","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 46.4","score":{"value":46.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3387; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 69.9","score":{"value":69.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3388; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 2376","score":{"value":2376,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3389; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 60.7","score":{"value":60.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3390; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.04","score":{"value":0.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3391; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-5; sampling ND. Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fonda2001","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5102","score":{"value":5102,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5027; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Hough1969","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5156","score":{"value":5156,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5028; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hough1969","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5148","score":{"value":5148,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5029; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Hough1969","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 49.4","score":{"value":49.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15657; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 149.4","score":{"value":149.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15658; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 258.8","score":{"value":258.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15659; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 71.5","score":{"value":71.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15660; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 49.67","score":{"value":49.67,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15764; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 14.27","score":{"value":14.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15765; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.64","score":{"value":4.64,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15766; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.31","score":{"value":4.31,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15767; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.79","score":{"value":4.79,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15768; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.82","score":{"value":5.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15769; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.22","score":{"value":4.22,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15770; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.41","score":{"value":4.41,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15771; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.84","score":{"value":6.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15772; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.61","score":{"value":4.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15773; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.49","score":{"value":4.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15774; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.99","score":{"value":4.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15775; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 63.66","score":{"value":63.66,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15776; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 75.19","score":{"value":75.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15777; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 97.05","score":{"value":97.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15778; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 72.71","score":{"value":72.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15779; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 78.01","score":{"value":78.01,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15780; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 102.52","score":{"value":102.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15781; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 101.72","score":{"value":101.72,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15782; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 98.99","score":{"value":98.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15783; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 74.38","score":{"value":74.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15784; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 130.5","score":{"value":130.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15785; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 100.43","score":{"value":100.43,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15786; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 96.17","score":{"value":96.17,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15787; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3377.1511","score":{"value":3377.1511,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15788; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2010.038","score":{"value":2010.038,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15789; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 975.1434","score":{"value":975.1434,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15790; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 368.0688","score":{"value":368.0688,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15791; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2103.25","score":{"value":2103.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15792; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2729.4455","score":{"value":2729.4455,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15793; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1101.816","score":{"value":1101.816,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15794; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 922.5621","score":{"value":922.5621,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15795; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2495.2199","score":{"value":2495.2199,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15796; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3102.2945","score":{"value":3102.2945,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15797; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 901.0516","score":{"value":901.0516,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15798; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 910.6119","score":{"value":910.6119,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15799; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.012","score":{"value":0.012,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15800; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.013","score":{"value":0.013,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15801; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.018","score":{"value":0.018,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15802; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.015","score":{"value":0.015,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15803; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.014","score":{"value":0.014,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15804; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.019","score":{"value":0.019,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15805; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.017","score":{"value":0.017,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15806; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.017","score":{"value":0.017,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15807; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.014","score":{"value":0.014,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15808; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling june. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.018","score":{"value":0.018,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15809; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling july. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.015","score":{"value":0.015,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15810; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling august. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.017","score":{"value":0.017,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15811; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Campos2022-1; sampling september. Primary study Campos2022: Campos-Ruiz, R., Parisien, M. A., & Flannigan, M. D. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics controlling the flammability of live Pinus banksiana needles in central Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31, 857-870.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Campos2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["IL","IN","MA","ME","MI","MN","MO","ND","NH","NY","OH","PA","RI","VT","WI","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ILL — 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Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL","IN","MA","ME","MI","MN","MO","ND","NH","NY","OH","PA","RI","VT","WI","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"1b","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"1b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-53,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIBA2","sourceTaxon":"Pinus banksiana","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15415, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 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State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}