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Cistus ladanifer

Cistus ladanifer · Cistaceae · all Cistus records

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Separate evidence questions, never one approval badge

Set a ZIP to compare this record with state distribution, native range, USDA hardiness, and invasive records.

A genus split is not a placement verdict. Set a ZIP to read the local documented split.

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: No test or rating condition is normalized.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 0 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Global
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: Documented in CA.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: 2 sourced range or established records; set a location to match them. This is not an invasive warning.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Form: shrub
Grows in: CA
Rated in: Global
Family: Cistaceae
Evidence: 54 cited sources

Native and introduced range evidence

These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval. Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.

Current native

0

exact source areas

Current introduced

1

exact source area

Qualified

0

doubtful or extinct source rows

1 introduced source area · World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 16 v16, as of 2026-06-04

California (CA)

The lossless worldwide derivative is retained once in the research corpus; object pages repeat only exact U.S. areas needed by the local lens. The JSON twin carries the same page assertions.

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Listed without a rating (54)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

54 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 4652.72” · score 4652.72 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 3934; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Gillon1997-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Gillon1997: Gillon, D., Hernando, C., Valette, J.-C., & Joffre, R. (1997). Fast estimation of the calorific values of forest fuels by near infrared-reflectance spectroscopy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 760-765.
- “time to flaming (s): 12.2” · score 12.2 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4702; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “flame height (cm): 11” · score 11 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 4739; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “burning duration (s): 15” · score 15 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4740; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “flammability value: 2.14” · score 2.14 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 4799; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “flame height (cm): 20.19” · score 20.19 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 4867; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “time to flaming (s): 17” · score 17 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4905; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “burning duration (s): 92.04” · score 92.04 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4943; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “flaming duration (s): 65” · score 65 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7320; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 390” · score 390 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 7340; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
- “time to flaming (s): 12” · score 12 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7360; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.05” · score 0.05 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7380; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
- “total heat release (MJ/m²): 23.93” · score 23.93 (FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 7400; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.28” · score 3.28 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 9896; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ormeno2009-3; sampling june. Primary study Ormeno2009: Ormeno, E., Cespedes, B., Sanchez, I.A., Velasco-Garcia, A., Moreno, J.M., Fernandez, C., & Baldy, V. (2009). The relationship between terpenes and flammability of leaf litter. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 471-482.
- “burning duration (s): 16.25” · score 16.25 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 9902; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ormeno2009-3; sampling june. Primary study Ormeno2009: Ormeno, E., Cespedes, B., Sanchez, I.A., Velasco-Garcia, A., Moreno, J.M., Fernandez, C., & Baldy, V. (2009). The relationship between terpenes and flammability of leaf litter. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 471-482.
- “time to flaming (s): 121” · score 121 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 13764; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “time to flaming (s): 136” · score 136 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 13765; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “time to flaming (s): 250” · score 250 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 13766; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 152” · score 152 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 13791; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 159” · score 159 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 13792; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 219” · score 219 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 13793; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 131” · score 131 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 13794; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3487.15” · score 3487.15 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 13829; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3726” · score 3726 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 13830; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3893.19” · score 3893.19 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 13831; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3152.77” · score 3152.77 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 13832; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 37” · score 37 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 13867; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 60” · score 60 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 13868; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 50” · score 50 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 13869; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 40” · score 40 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 13870; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1170.34” · score 1170.34 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 13905; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1170.34” · score 1170.34 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 13906; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 931.5” · score 931.5 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 13907; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 740.42” · score 740.42 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 13908; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 4” · score 4 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 13988; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter. 21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 72” · score 72 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 13997; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter. 21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 52” · score 52 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14019; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter. 21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 151” · score 151 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14020; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter. 21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 67” · score 67 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14021; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter. 21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1815.22” · score 1815.22 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 14022; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter. 21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3845.41” · score 3845.41 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 14048; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter. 21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1576.38” · score 1576.38 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 14058; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter. 21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 4347” · score 4347 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 14160; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling august. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 4633.61” · score 4633.61 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 14161; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling november. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 4394.76” · score 4394.76 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 14162; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling march. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3558.8” · score 3558.8 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 14163; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling may. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 151” · score 151 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14213; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling august. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 158” · score 158 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14214; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling november. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 197” · score 197 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14215; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling march. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 18” · score 18 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14216; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling may. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 37” · score 37 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14251; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling august. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 60” · score 60 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14252; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling november. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 45” · score 45 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14253; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling march. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 36” · score 36 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 14254; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling may. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Fire-resistant shrubs instead

Cistus salviifolius
Cistus salvaefolius

Kinnikinnick
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Red-osier dogwood
Cornus sericea

Snowberry
Symphoricarpos albus

Creeping holly
Berberis repens

Shrubby cinquefoil
Dasiphora fruticosa

Last verified 2026-08-25. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF ·

Cistus ladanifer (Cistus ladanifer). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/cistus-ladanifer/. Last verified 2026-08-25.