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Cistus laurifolius is traced through a live-fuel bench study, described by its authors as a new methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels. The record is therefore presented as limited evidence, with the supporting entry in the evidence table.
The selected test condition was green. Its source context is kept with test conditions, rather than being generalized to cured or dead material.
This concise scene reflects the narrow pack: one methodological lineage, one documented condition, and the limited-evidence status. The complete citation remains available in the source table.
Form
shrub
Region
Spain
Rated in
Central Spain; Global
On this lot
1. Fire evidence and conditions
Fire evidence
Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions
1 condition stated in cited fire-evidence rows.
Fire ecology context
Placement evidence
Evidence regions
Central Spain; Global
Maintenance
2. Why this plant is relevant here
State distribution
Native range
Introduced / established
USDA hardiness
3. Legal, ecological, and broader status
Legal-list status
Seed-list status
Reported invasive here
Broader regional context
Federal context
How to read this page
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
Conditions in the fire evidence
These describe tested or rated plant material. They are not horticultural maintenance instructions.
Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself
(a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or
republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.
27 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
Shared row context: plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND.
Primary study Madrigal2013: Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., & Guijarro, M. (2013). A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels. Journal of Fire Sciences, 31, 131-142.
Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2013-1; sampling june to september.
Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; site Martin1989-5; sampling may.
“time to flaming (s): 35”
FLAMITS record 7643.
“ignition frequency (%): 45”
FLAMITS record 8042.
Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; site Martin1989-5; sampling july.
“time to flaming (s): 60”
FLAMITS record 7644.
“ignition frequency (%): 8”
FLAMITS record 8043.
Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; site Martin1989-5; sampling august.
“time to flaming (s): 60”
FLAMITS record 7645.
“ignition frequency (%): 11”
FLAMITS record 8044.
Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; site Martin1989-2; sampling september.
“time to flaming (s): 27”
FLAMITS record 7646.
“ignition frequency (%): 91”
FLAMITS record 8045.
Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; site Martin1989-2; sampling november.
“time to flaming (s): 20”
FLAMITS record 7647.
“ignition frequency (%): 81”
FLAMITS record 8046.
Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; site Martin1989-2; sampling december.
“time to flaming (s): 30”
FLAMITS record 7648.
“ignition frequency (%): 60”
FLAMITS record 8047.
Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; site Martin1989-2; sampling ND.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 5072”
FLAMITS record 7888.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 5253”
FLAMITS record 7889.
“flammability value: 1”
FLAMITS record 7936; Ignitability measurement; site Martin1989-2; sampling ND.
Primary study Ormeno2009: Ormeno, E., Cespedes, B., Sanchez, I.A., Velasco-Garcia, A., Moreno, J.M., Fernandez, C., & Baldy, V. (2009). The relationship between terpenes and flammability of leaf litter. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 471-482.
Shared row context: plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ormeno2009-4; sampling june.
