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Laurel-leaved rockrose

Cistus laurifolius · Cistaceae · all Cistus records

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1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: 1 condition stated in cited fire-evidence rows.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 0 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Central Spain; Global
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: No state distribution is normalized.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: No introduced or established row is normalized; that does not prove native status.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Form: shrub
Region: Spain
Rated in: Central Spain; Global
Family: Cistaceae
Evidence: 28 cited sources

Conditions in the fire evidence

These describe tested or rated plant material. They are not horticultural maintenance instructions.

green: A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels evidence row

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Listed without a rating (28)

A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels — SAGE / Journal of Fire Sciences (INIA-CIFOR Forest Fire Laboratory) · Journal of Fire Sciences 31(2) · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: inia-madrid-tree

“Flammability variables for the species studied” · condition: green

Live-fuel comparison at 50 kW/m², 10 g fixed dry mass, 20 kg/m³ bulk density, piloted ignition, and FMC 112%. Table 1 mean (repeatability SD): TTI 99 (12) s; PHRR 121 (23) kW/m²; AEHC 9.36 (0.04) MJ/kg; MLR 0.09 (0.02) g/s; THR 9.46 (0.63) MJ/m². Kruskall–Wallis p values by species: TTI 0.0153; PHRR 0.0216; AEHC 0.0307; MLR 0.0300; THR 0.0156. The paper gives no overall species class or composite rank.
FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

27 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “flaming duration (s): 68” · score 68 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7321; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 303” · score 303 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 7341; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
- “time to flaming (s): 5” · score 5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7361; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.06” · score 0.06 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7381; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
- “total heat release (MJ/m²): 19.48” · score 19.48 (FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 7401; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
- “time to flaming (s): 99” · score 99 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7498; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2013-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Madrigal2013: Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., & Guijarro, M. (2013). A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels. Journal of Fire Sciences, 31, 131-142.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 121” · score 121 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 7502; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2013-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Madrigal2013: Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., & Guijarro, M. (2013). A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels. Journal of Fire Sciences, 31, 131-142.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 9.36” · score 9.36 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7506; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2013-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Madrigal2013: Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., & Guijarro, M. (2013). A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels. Journal of Fire Sciences, 31, 131-142.
- “total heat release (MJ/m²): 9.46” · score 9.46 (FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 7510; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2013-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Madrigal2013: Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., & Guijarro, M. (2013). A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels. Journal of Fire Sciences, 31, 131-142.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2235.59” · score 2235.59 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 7514; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2013-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Madrigal2013: Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., & Guijarro, M. (2013). A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels. Journal of Fire Sciences, 31, 131-142.
- “time to flaming (s): 35” · score 35 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7643; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-5; sampling may. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “time to flaming (s): 60” · score 60 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7644; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-5; sampling july. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “time to flaming (s): 60” · score 60 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7645; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-5; sampling august. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “time to flaming (s): 27” · score 27 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7646; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-2; sampling september. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “time to flaming (s): 20” · score 20 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7647; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-2; sampling november. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “time to flaming (s): 30” · score 30 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 7648; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-2; sampling december. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5072” · score 5072 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 7888; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-2; sampling ND. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5253” · score 5253 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 7889; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-2; sampling ND. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “flammability value: 1” · score 1 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 7936; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-2; sampling ND. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “ignition frequency (%): 45” · score 45 (FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 8042; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-5; sampling may. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “ignition frequency (%): 8” · score 8 (FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 8043; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-5; sampling july. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “ignition frequency (%): 11” · score 11 (FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 8044; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-5; sampling august. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “ignition frequency (%): 91” · score 91 (FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 8045; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-2; sampling september. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “ignition frequency (%): 81” · score 81 (FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 8046; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-2; sampling november. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “ignition frequency (%): 60” · score 60 (FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 8047; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-2; sampling december. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
- “time to flaming (s): 3.96” · score 3.96 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 9897; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ormeno2009-4; sampling june. Primary study Ormeno2009: Ormeno, E., Cespedes, B., Sanchez, I.A., Velasco-Garcia, A., Moreno, J.M., Fernandez, C., & Baldy, V. (2009). The relationship between terpenes and flammability of leaf litter. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 471-482.
- “burning duration (s): 15.99” · score 15.99 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 9903; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ormeno2009-4; sampling june. Primary study Ormeno2009: Ormeno, E., Cespedes, B., Sanchez, I.A., Velasco-Garcia, A., Moreno, J.M., Fernandez, C., & Baldy, V. (2009). The relationship between terpenes and flammability of leaf litter. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 471-482.

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Last verified 2026-08-25. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: GBIF ·

Cistus laurifolius (Laurel-leaved rockrose). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/cistus-laurifolius/. Last verified 2026-08-25.