{"id":"cistus-ladanifer","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Cistus ladanifer","commonNames":["Cistus ladanifer"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Cistus ladanifer","family":"Cistaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"CILA10","gbifKey":6437976},"states":["CA"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae7170","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Cistus ladanifer","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021aik), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CILA10"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"plantForm":"shrub","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4652.72","score":{"value":4652.72,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3934; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Gillon1997-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Gillon1997: Gillon, D., Hernando, C., Valette, J.-C., & Joffre, R. (1997). Fast estimation of the calorific values of forest fuels by near infrared-reflectance spectroscopy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 760-765.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gillon1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12.2","score":{"value":12.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4702; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 11","score":{"value":11,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4739; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 15","score":{"value":15,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4740; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 2.14","score":{"value":2.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4799; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 20.19","score":{"value":20.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4867; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17","score":{"value":17,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4905; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 92.04","score":{"value":92.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4943; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 65","score":{"value":65,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7320; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Madrigal2011a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 390","score":{"value":390,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7340; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Madrigal2011a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12","score":{"value":12,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7360; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Madrigal2011a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.05","score":{"value":0.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7380; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Madrigal2011a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 23.93","score":{"value":23.93,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7400; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND. Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Madrigal2011a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.28","score":{"value":3.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9896; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ormeno2009-3; sampling june. Primary study Ormeno2009: Ormeno, E., Cespedes, B., Sanchez, I.A., Velasco-Garcia, A., Moreno, J.M., Fernandez, C., & Baldy, V. (2009). The relationship between terpenes and flammability of leaf litter. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 471-482.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Ormeno2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 16.25","score":{"value":16.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9902; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Ormeno2009-3; sampling june. Primary study Ormeno2009: Ormeno, E., Cespedes, B., Sanchez, I.A., Velasco-Garcia, A., Moreno, J.M., Fernandez, C., & Baldy, V. (2009). The relationship between terpenes and flammability of leaf litter. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 471-482.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Ormeno2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 121","score":{"value":121,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13764; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 136","score":{"value":136,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13765; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 250","score":{"value":250,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13766; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 152","score":{"value":152,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13791; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 159","score":{"value":159,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13792; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 219","score":{"value":219,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13793; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 131","score":{"value":131,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13794; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3487.15","score":{"value":3487.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13829; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3726","score":{"value":3726,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13830; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3893.19","score":{"value":3893.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13831; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3152.77","score":{"value":3152.77,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13832; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 37","score":{"value":37,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13867; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 60","score":{"value":60,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13868; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13869; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 40","score":{"value":40,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13870; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1170.34","score":{"value":1170.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13905; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling august. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1170.34","score":{"value":1170.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13906; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling december. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 931.5","score":{"value":931.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13907; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling march. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 740.42","score":{"value":740.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13908; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Weise2005-1; sampling may. Primary study Weise2005: Weise, D. R., White, R. H., Beall, F. C., & Etlinger, M. (2005). Use of the cone calorimeter to detect seasonal differences in selected combustion characteristics of ornamental vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14, 321-338.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Weise2005","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 4","score":{"value":4,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13988; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 72","score":{"value":72,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13997; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 52","score":{"value":52,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14019; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 151","score":{"value":151,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14020; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 67","score":{"value":67,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14021; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1815.22","score":{"value":1815.22,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14022; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3845.41","score":{"value":3845.41,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14048; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1576.38","score":{"value":1576.38,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14058; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1996-1; sampling ND. Primary study White1996: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., & Frommer, S. (1996). Preliminary evaluation of the flammability of native and ornamental plants with the cone calorimeter.  21st International Conference on Fire Safety. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White1996","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4347","score":{"value":4347,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14160; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling august. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4633.61","score":{"value":4633.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14161; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling november. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4394.76","score":{"value":4394.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14162; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling march. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3558.8","score":{"value":3558.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14163; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling may. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 151","score":{"value":151,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14213; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling august. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 158","score":{"value":158,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14214; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling november. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 197","score":{"value":197,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14215; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling march. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 18","score":{"value":18,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14216; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling may. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 37","score":{"value":37,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14251; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling august. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 60","score":{"value":60,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14252; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling november. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 45","score":{"value":45,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14253; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling march. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 36","score":{"value":36,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14254; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White2002-1; sampling may. Primary study White2002: White, R. H., Weise, D. R., Mackes, K., & Dibble, A. C. (2002). Cone calorimeter testing of vegetation--an update. Ninth International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Products. Columbus, Ohio, USA.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"White2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae7170","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Cistus ladanifer","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021aik), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CILA10"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}