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Pitch pine

Pinus rigida · Pinaceae · all Pinus records

Your local evidence lens

Separate evidence questions, never one approval badge

Set a ZIP to compare this record with state distribution, native range, USDA hardiness, and invasive records.

A genus split is not a placement verdict. Set a ZIP to read the local documented split.

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Highly flammable — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: 2 conditions stated in cited fire-evidence rows.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 2 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Global; Ohio / Midwest; Virginia / Mid-Atlantic; eastern US; north-eastern and mid-Atlantic United States
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

Typed publication scope: 3 scopes across 3 cited fire sources

Combustion characteristics of north-eastern USA vegetation tested in the cone calorimeter · Official scoped edition
- Northeastern and mid-Atlantic study sites (ME, MD, MA, NY, VA footprint); partial normalized coverage · 2007-08-20
  The authors collected foliage and twigs across study sites in Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, and Virginia, then conditioned and tested the samples in a cone calorimeter. FireApproved publishes 37 exact source owners only as multi-state laboratory context. The source does not establish that every taxon was sampled in every named state, whole-plant behavior, landscape suitability, or state planting guidance.
Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921) · Official scoped edition
- OH; partial normalized coverage · 2006-03-01
  Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.
Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300) · Official scoped edition
- VA; partial normalized coverage · 2009-04-15
  Virginia Cooperative Extension's publication opens with Virginia wildfire conditions, identifies its Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force, and labels plants native to Virginia. FireApproved publishes 306 exact source owners. Publication scope does not establish parcel suitability or current endorsement of this archived 2009 list.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: Documented in CT, DC, DE, GA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, ME, MN, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT, WV.
Native range: Current cited native range in CT, GA, KY, MA, MD, ME, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT, WV.
Introduced / established: 2 sourced range or established records; set a location to match them. This is not an invasive warning.
USDA hardiness: Documented minimum 2b; no upper limit is documented.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) — Photo: (c) Michael J. Papay, some rights reserved (CC BY) (CC BY), via iNaturalist. Species-typical, not necessarily this cultivar.

Form: tree
USDA hardiness: Minimum 2b; upper limit not documented
Mature height: ~30 ft
Light: Full sun
Water need: low
Current cited native range: CT, GA, KY, MA, MD, ME, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT, WV
Grows in: CT, DC, DE, GA, IL, IN, KY, MA +15
Rated in: Global; Ohio / Midwest; Virginia / Mid-Atlantic; eastern US +1
Family: Pinaceae
Evidence: 165 cited sources

Native and introduced range evidence

These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval. Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.

Current native

18

exact source areas

Current introduced

2

exact source areas

Qualified

0

doubtful or extinct source rows

18 native source areas · World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 16 v16, as of 2026-06-04

Connecticut (CT)
Georgia (GA)
Kentucky (KY)
Massachusetts (MA)
Maryland (MD)
Maine (ME)
North Carolina (NC)
New Hampshire (NH)
New Jersey (NJ)
New York (NY)
Ohio (OH)
Pennsylvania (PA)
Rhode I. (RI)
South Carolina (SC)
Tennessee (TN)
Virginia (VA)
Vermont (VT)
West Virginia (WV)

2 introduced source areas · World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 16 v16, as of 2026-06-04

Illinois (IL)
Minnesota (MN)

The lossless worldwide derivative is retained once in the research corpus; object pages repeat only exact U.S. areas needed by the local lens. The JSON twin carries the same page assertions.

Plant hardiness evidence

These values describe the plant source. Your ZIP zone comes from the separate 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Whole-zone values stay whole-zone, and a single unresolved value is not treated as a tolerance range. Different source boundaries stay separate: overlapping statements are compared independently, while only ranges with no shared zone are called a conflict.

Eastern United States Fire Performance Plant Selector · record pinus-rigida · 2016-wayback · as of 2026-08-26

Source prints 4 · single-value meaning unresolved · whole zone precision · source stated

Source taxon: Pinus rigida · exact match.

Source location: Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record.

Not used for comparison: The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.
USDA PLANTS Database — Plant Characteristics · record PIRI · PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23 · as of 2026-08-26

Minimum 2b · no upper limit documented · half zone precision · derived containing band

Exact source measurement: -43°F; mapped only to its containing half-zone.

Source taxon: Pinus rigida · source identifier match.

Source location: PlantCharacteristics record 15556, Temperature, Minimum (°F).

Conditions in the fire evidence

These describe tested or rated plant material. They are not horticultural maintenance instructions.

cured: Combustion characteristics of north-eastern USA vegetation tested in the cone calorimeter evidence row
dead material: FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database evidence row (condition method), FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database evidence row (condition method), FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database evidence row (condition method), FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database evidence row (condition method), FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database evidence row (condition method)

Where its sources say to plant it

Placement rules below use each source's own distances or named zones, tied to its rating. They are not interchangeable with the directory's current Zone 0 guidance.

Eastern United States Fire Performance Plant Selector: Landscape Zone 3 — 10–30 ft from the structure; thin vegetation, remove debris, and minimize plant massing [Fire Performance Plant Selector landscape zone] (with its avoid rating)
Firewise Landscaping: keep 30 ft from the home (Zone 3) [OSU B921 source-category siting] (with its avoid rating)

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Avoids (4)

Eastern United States Fire Performance Plant Selector — USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area S&PF + state Firewise programs (WV, OH, PA, DE, DC, MD, NJ) · 2016-wayback · original source Primary evidence Keyed curation lineage: ufifas-srs-tree

“NOT Firewise (4)”

Adventitous needles on branches and trunk-3-4 inch needles in bundles of 2.
Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921) — Ohio State University Extension (Sydnor, Steward, Kloss / Ohio DNR Division of Forestry) · 2006 · original source Primary evidence Expert-curated lineage: ufifas-srs-tree

“H flammability”

Requires good drainage; disease resistant; irregular growth.
Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300) — Virginia Cooperative Extension / Virginia Tech (Appleton, Frenzel, Hillegass, Lyons, Steward — Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force) · 2009 · original source Primary evidence Expert-curated lineage: ufifas-srs-tree

“H flammability”

Requires good drainage.
Combustion characteristics of north-eastern USA vegetation tested in the cone calorimeter — International Journal of Wildland Fire (Dibble, White, Lebow) · 2007 · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: usfs-fpl-cone-tree

“high effective heat of combustion (author-named group)” · score 16.47 (AEHOC-MJ-kg) · condition: cured · original source

Conditioned foliage and twigs were tested at 25 kW/m2 in a cone calorimeter.

Listed without a rating (161)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

161 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 287.7” · score 287.7 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 1187; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chung2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2010: Chung, Y. J. (2010). Comparison of combustion properties of native wood species used for fire pots in Korea. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16, 15-19.
- “total smoke release (m²/m²): 200.4” · score 200.4 (FLAMITS — total smoke release (m²/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 1191; Consumability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chung2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2010: Chung, Y. J. (2010). Comparison of combustion properties of native wood species used for fire pots in Korea. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16, 15-19.
- “smoke specific extinction area (m²/kg): 189.05” · score 189.05 (FLAMITS — smoke specific extinction area (m²/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 1195; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chung2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2010: Chung, Y. J. (2010). Comparison of combustion properties of native wood species used for fire pots in Korea. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16, 15-19.
- “flaming duration (s): 313” · score 313 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 1199; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chung2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2010: Chung, Y. J. (2010). Comparison of combustion properties of native wood species used for fire pots in Korea. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16, 15-19.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3940.96” · score 3940.96 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 2880; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dibble2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dibble2007: Dibble, A. C., White, R. H., & Lebow, P. K. (2007). Combustion characteristics of north-eastern USA vegetation tested in the cone calorimeter: invasive versus non-invasive plants. International journal of wildland fire, 16, 426-443.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.3” · score 4.3 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5682; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kim1994-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kim1994: Kim, K., Jang, I., & Kim, S. (1994). Moisture content of litter layer and its combustibility by cigarette light in forests. Korean Journal of Ecology (Korea Republic), 17, 1-9.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.49” · score 7.49 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5690; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kim1994-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kim1994: Kim, K., Jang, I., & Kim, S. (1994). Moisture content of litter layer and its combustibility by cigarette light in forests. Korean Journal of Ecology (Korea Republic), 17, 1-9.
- “maximum sample temperature (°C): 700” · score 700 (FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 6263; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3182.12” · score 3182.12 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 6264; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 248” · score 248 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 6271; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 10.99” · score 10.99 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6295; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 8.81” · score 8.81 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6296; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 8.07” · score 8.07 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6297; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.49” · score 7.49 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6298; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.82” · score 7.82 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6299; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.04” · score 7.04 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6300; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 6.57” · score 6.57 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6301; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.84” · score 4.84 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6302; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.04” · score 4.04 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6303; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.5” · score 3.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6304; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.32” · score 3.32 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6305; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.63” · score 2.63 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6306; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.58” · score 2.58 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6307; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.19” · score 2.19 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6308; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.07” · score 2.07 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6309; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.89” · score 1.89 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6310; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.65” · score 1.65 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6311; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “maximum sample temperature (°C): 650” · score 650 (FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 6389; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1901.29” · score 1901.29 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 6390; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 305” · score 305 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 6402; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.29” · score 7.29 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6440; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 6.88” · score 6.88 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6441; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 5.86” · score 5.86 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6442; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 5.13” · score 5.13 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6443; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 5.08” · score 5.08 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6444; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.37” · score 4.37 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6445; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.31” · score 4.31 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6446; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.26” · score 4.26 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6447; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.18” · score 4.18 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6448; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.94” · score 3.94 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6449; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.25” · score 3.25 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6450; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.11” · score 3.11 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6451; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.03” · score 3.03 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6452; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.56” · score 2.56 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6453; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.22” · score 2.22 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6454; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.93” · score 1.93 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6455; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.87” · score 1.87 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6456; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “burnt biomass (%): 97.8” · score 97.8 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 6512; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “burnt biomass (%): 68.48” · score 68.48 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 6513; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.
- “flame height (cm): 85.5” · score 85.5 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm)) · condition: dead material · condition method: Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning
  
  FLAMITS record 13648; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.
- “flaming duration (s): 89” · score 89 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)) · condition: dead material · condition method: Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning
  
  FLAMITS record 13649; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.
- “smouldering duration (s): 153” · score 153 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)) · condition: dead material · condition method: Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning
  
  FLAMITS record 13650; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.
- “burnt biomass (%): 87” · score 87 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)) · condition: dead material · condition method: Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning
  
  FLAMITS record 13651; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.
- “flame intensity (kW/m): 402” · score 402 (FLAMITS — flame intensity (kW/m)) · condition: dead material · condition method: Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning
  
  FLAMITS record 13652; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.
- “flame height (cm): 71.66666667” · score 71.66666667 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14839; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 68.22222222” · score 68.22222222 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14840; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 131.4444444” · score 131.4444444 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14841; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 131.1111111” · score 131.1111111 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14842; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 135.5555556” · score 135.5555556 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14843; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 141” · score 141 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14844; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 87.74348165” · score 87.74348165 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14845; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 85.16034608” · score 85.16034608 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14846; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 71.8” · score 71.8 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14847; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 66.88888889” · score 66.88888889 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14848; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 127.8” · score 127.8 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14849; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 119.1111111” · score 119.1111111 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14850; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 145.8” · score 145.8 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14851; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 151.3333333” · score 151.3333333 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14852; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 88.18176642” · score 88.18176642 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14853; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 86.30469073” · score 86.30469073 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14854; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 62.1” · score 62.1 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14855; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 65.2” · score 65.2 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14856; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 122.4” · score 122.4 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14857; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 142.7” · score 142.7 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14858; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 133.8” · score 133.8 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14859; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 136.9” · score 136.9 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14860; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 88.01699119” · score 88.01699119 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14861; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 87.35160426” · score 87.35160426 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14862; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 71.4” · score 71.4 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14863; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 63.1” · score 63.1 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14864; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 120” · score 120 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14865; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 142.3” · score 142.3 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14866; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 155.4” · score 155.4 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14867; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 139.5” · score 139.5 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14868; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 88.06926314” · score 88.06926314 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14869; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 86.27965631” · score 86.27965631 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14870; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 74.66666667” · score 74.66666667 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14871; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 61.7” · score 61.7 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14872; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 119.3333333” · score 119.3333333 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14873; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 140.4” · score 140.4 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14874; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 169.6666667” · score 169.6666667 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14875; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 139.7” · score 139.7 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14876; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 88.89113758” · score 88.89113758 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14877; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 86.20275405” · score 86.20275405 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14878; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 66.9” · score 66.9 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14879; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 64.55555556” · score 64.55555556 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14880; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 132.6” · score 132.6 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14881; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 133.2222222” · score 133.2222222 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14882; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 171.1” · score 171.1 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14883; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 153.3333333” · score 153.3333333 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14884; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 87.26723954” · score 87.26723954 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14885; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 86.40999613” · score 86.40999613 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14886; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 71.11111111” · score 71.11111111 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14887; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 70.3” · score 70.3 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14888; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 122.3333333” · score 122.3333333 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14889; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 128.5” · score 128.5 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14890; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 205.3333333” · score 205.3333333 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14891; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 125” · score 125 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14892; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 88.8992299” · score 88.8992299 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14893; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 87.58504846” · score 87.58504846 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14894; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 70.5” · score 70.5 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14895; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 62.4” · score 62.4 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14896; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 118.7” · score 118.7 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14897; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 128.3” · score 128.3 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14898; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 154.8” · score 154.8 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14899; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 113.5” · score 113.5 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14900; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 89.0618652” · score 89.0618652 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14901; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 86.0507522” · score 86.0507522 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14902; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 62.3” · score 62.3 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14903; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 68.3” · score 68.3 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14904; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 123.7” · score 123.7 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14905; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 134.8” · score 134.8 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14906; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 126.9” · score 126.9 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14907; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 166.8” · score 166.8 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14908; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 88.19644312” · score 88.19644312 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14909; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 88.20969601” · score 88.20969601 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14910; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 66” · score 66 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14911; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flame height (cm): 70.9” · score 70.9 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 14912; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 126.3333333” · score 126.3333333 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14913; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “flaming duration (s): 122.7” · score 122.7 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14914; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 149.8888889” · score 149.8888889 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14915; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 152” · score 152 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14916; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 88.49972712” · score 88.49972712 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14917; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “burnt biomass (%): 87.00856978” · score 87.00856978 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 14918; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138 1148.
- “smouldering duration (s): 242” · score 242 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15762; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-21; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.
- “time to flaming (s): 60.1” · score 60.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 17268; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “time to flaming (s): 64.1” · score 64.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 17269; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “time to flaming (s): 120” · score 120 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 17270; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “time to flaming (s): 213.15” · score 213.15 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 17271; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “time to flaming (s): 241.64” · score 241.64 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 17272; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “time to flaming (s): 255.89” · score 255.89 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 17273; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “time to flaming (s): 49.86” · score 49.86 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 17274; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “time to flaming (s): 63.01” · score 63.01 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 17275; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “time to flaming (s): 53.15” · score 53.15 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 17276; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “maximum energy release rate (kW): 3.91” · score 3.91 (FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW))
  
  FLAMITS record 17277; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “maximum energy release rate (kW): 7.75” · score 7.75 (FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW))
  
  FLAMITS record 17278; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “maximum energy release rate (kW): 14.27” · score 14.27 (FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW))
  
  FLAMITS record 17279; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “maximum energy release rate (kW): 2.84” · score 2.84 (FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW))
  
  FLAMITS record 17280; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “maximum energy release rate (kW): 4.26” · score 4.26 (FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW))
  
  FLAMITS record 17281; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “maximum energy release rate (kW): 5.57” · score 5.57 (FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW))
  
  FLAMITS record 17282; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “maximum energy release rate (kW): 2.3” · score 2.3 (FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW))
  
  FLAMITS record 17283; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “maximum energy release rate (kW): 2.71” · score 2.71 (FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW))
  
  FLAMITS record 17284; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “maximum energy release rate (kW): 4.08” · score 4.08 (FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW))
  
  FLAMITS record 17285; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- “flame height (cm): 60” · score 60 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 18744; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kreye2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kreye2023: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., & Varner, J. M. (2023). Multivariate roles of litter traits on moisture and flammability of temperate northeastern North American tree species. Fire Ecology, 19, 1-12.
- “time to flaming (s): 104” · score 104 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18745; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kreye2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kreye2023: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., & Varner, J. M. (2023). Multivariate roles of litter traits on moisture and flammability of temperate northeastern North American tree species. Fire Ecology, 19, 1-12.
- “smouldering duration (s): 172” · score 172 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18746; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kreye2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kreye2023: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., & Varner, J. M. (2023). Multivariate roles of litter traits on moisture and flammability of temperate northeastern North American tree species. Fire Ecology, 19, 1-12.
- “burnt biomass (%): 85” · score 85 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 18747; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kreye2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kreye2023: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., & Varner, J. M. (2023). Multivariate roles of litter traits on moisture and flammability of temperate northeastern North American tree species. Fire Ecology, 19, 1-12.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 150.7” · score 150.7 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19209; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Chung2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2008: Chung, Y. J., & Spearpoint, M. (2008). Combustion properties of native Korean wood species. International Journal on Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes, 9, 11825.
- “flaming duration (s): 313” · score 313 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19213; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Chung2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2008: Chung, Y. J., & Spearpoint, M. (2008). Combustion properties of native Korean wood species. International Journal on Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes, 9, 11825.
- “smoke specific extinction area (m²/kg): 51.55” · score 51.55 (FLAMITS — smoke specific extinction area (m²/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 19217; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Chung2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2008: Chung, Y. J., & Spearpoint, M. (2008). Combustion properties of native Korean wood species. International Journal on Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes, 9, 11825.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2928.25” · score 2928.25 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 19221; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Chung2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2008: Chung, Y. J., & Spearpoint, M. (2008). Combustion properties of native Korean wood species. International Journal on Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes, 9, 11825.

Fire-resistant trees instead

Red oak
Quercus rubra

Basswood
Tilia americana

Red maple
Acer rubrum

Wild black cherry
Prunus serotina

White oak
Quercus alba

American beech
Fagus grandifolia

Fire-resistant trees listed above

Last verified 2026-08-23. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF · iNaturalist · Wikidata · ITIS

Pinus rigida (Pitch pine). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/pinus-rigida/. Last verified 2026-08-23.