{"id":"pinus-rigida","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Pinus rigida","commonNames":["Pitch pine"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Pinus rigida","family":"Pinaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"PIRI","gbifKey":5285635,"itisTsn":183376,"wikidataQid":"Q837410","inatTaxonId":53464},"usdaZoneMin":"4a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["CT","DC","DE","GA","IL","IN","KY","MA","MD","ME","MN","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","SC","TN","VA","VT","WV"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ILL — Illinois"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MIN — Minnesota"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CNT — Connecticut"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["KY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 KTY — Kentucky"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAS — Massachusetts"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ME"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAI — Maine"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWH — New Hampshire"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWJ — New Jersey"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 OHI — Ohio"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["RI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 RHO — Rhode I."]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEN — Tennessee"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VER — Vermont"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WVA — West Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-rigida","sourceTaxon":"Pinus rigida","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIRI","sourceTaxon":"Pinus rigida","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15556, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":30,"sun":"full","waterNeed":"low","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/pinus-rigida.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/172471099","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103093691","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Michael J. Papay, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Adventitous needles on branches and trunk-3-4 inch needles in bundles of 2.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Requires good drainage; disease resistant; irregular growth.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"keep 30 ft from the home (Zone 3)","scheme":"b921-siting"},"edition":"2006","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Requires good drainage.","edition":"2009","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"dibble-2007-northeastern-invasives","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"high effective heat of combustion (author-named group)","score":{"value":16.47,"scale":"AEHOC-MJ-kg"},"claims":"Conditioned foliage and twigs were tested at 25 kW/m2 in a cone calorimeter.","plantPart":"shoot","condition":"cured","edition":"2007","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/31137.pdf","documentDate":"2007-08-20T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 287.7","score":{"value":287.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1187; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chung2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2010: Chung, Y. J. (2010). Comparison of combustion properties of native wood species used for fire pots in Korea. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16, 15-19.","original":"Chung2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total smoke release (m²/m²): 200.4","score":{"value":200.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — total smoke release (m²/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1191; Consumability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chung2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2010: Chung, Y. J. (2010). Comparison of combustion properties of native wood species used for fire pots in Korea. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16, 15-19.","original":"Chung2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smoke specific extinction area (m²/kg): 189.05","score":{"value":189.05,"scale":"FLAMITS — smoke specific extinction area (m²/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1195; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chung2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2010: Chung, Y. J. (2010). Comparison of combustion properties of native wood species used for fire pots in Korea. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16, 15-19.","original":"Chung2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 313","score":{"value":313,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 1199; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chung2010-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2010: Chung, Y. J. (2010). Comparison of combustion properties of native wood species used for fire pots in Korea. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16, 15-19.","original":"Chung2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3940.96","score":{"value":3940.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2880; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dibble2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dibble2007: Dibble, A. C., White, R. H., & Lebow, P. K. (2007). Combustion characteristics of north-eastern USA vegetation tested in the cone calorimeter: invasive versus non-invasive plants. International journal of wildland fire, 16, 426-443.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dibble2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.3","score":{"value":4.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5682; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kim1994-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kim1994: Kim, K., Jang, I., & Kim, S. (1994). Moisture content of litter layer and its combustibility by cigarette light in forests. Korean Journal of Ecology (Korea Republic), 17, 1-9.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Kim1994","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.49","score":{"value":7.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5690; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kim1994-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kim1994: Kim, K., Jang, I., & Kim, S. (1994). Moisture content of litter layer and its combustibility by cigarette light in forests. Korean Journal of Ecology (Korea Republic), 17, 1-9.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Kim1994","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 700","score":{"value":700,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6263; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3182.12","score":{"value":3182.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6264; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 248","score":{"value":248,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6271; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.99","score":{"value":10.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6295; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.81","score":{"value":8.81,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6296; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.07","score":{"value":8.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6297; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.49","score":{"value":7.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6298; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.82","score":{"value":7.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6299; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.04","score":{"value":7.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6300; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.57","score":{"value":6.57,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6301; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.84","score":{"value":4.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6302; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.04","score":{"value":4.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6303; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.5","score":{"value":3.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6304; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.32","score":{"value":3.32,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6305; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.63","score":{"value":2.63,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6306; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.58","score":{"value":2.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6307; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.19","score":{"value":2.19,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6308; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.07","score":{"value":2.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6309; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.89","score":{"value":1.89,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6310; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.65","score":{"value":1.65,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6311; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 650","score":{"value":650,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6389; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1901.29","score":{"value":1901.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6390; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 305","score":{"value":305,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6402; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.29","score":{"value":7.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6440; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.88","score":{"value":6.88,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6441; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.86","score":{"value":5.86,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6442; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.13","score":{"value":5.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6443; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.08","score":{"value":5.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6444; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.37","score":{"value":4.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6445; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.31","score":{"value":4.31,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6446; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.26","score":{"value":4.26,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6447; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.18","score":{"value":4.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6448; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.94","score":{"value":3.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6449; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.25","score":{"value":3.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6450; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.11","score":{"value":3.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6451; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.03","score":{"value":3.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6452; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.56","score":{"value":2.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6453; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.22","score":{"value":2.22,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6454; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.93","score":{"value":1.93,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6455; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.87","score":{"value":1.87,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6456; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 97.8","score":{"value":97.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6512; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 68.48","score":{"value":68.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6513; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 85.5","score":{"value":85.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13648; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","plantPart":"litter","condition":"dead-material","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"original":"Varner2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 89","score":{"value":89,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13649; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","plantPart":"litter","condition":"dead-material","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"original":"Varner2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 153","score":{"value":153,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13650; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","plantPart":"litter","condition":"dead-material","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"original":"Varner2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 87","score":{"value":87,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13651; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","plantPart":"litter","condition":"dead-material","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"original":"Varner2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame intensity (kW/m): 402","score":{"value":402,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame intensity (kW/m)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13652; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","plantPart":"litter","condition":"dead-material","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"original":"Varner2021","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 71.66666667","score":{"value":71.66666667,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14839; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 68.22222222","score":{"value":68.22222222,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14840; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 131.4444444","score":{"value":131.4444444,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14841; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 131.1111111","score":{"value":131.1111111,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14842; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 135.5555556","score":{"value":135.5555556,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14843; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 141","score":{"value":141,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14844; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 87.74348165","score":{"value":87.74348165,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14845; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 85.16034608","score":{"value":85.16034608,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14846; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-1; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 71.8","score":{"value":71.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14847; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 66.88888889","score":{"value":66.88888889,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14848; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 127.8","score":{"value":127.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14849; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 119.1111111","score":{"value":119.1111111,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14850; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 145.8","score":{"value":145.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14851; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 151.3333333","score":{"value":151.3333333,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14852; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88.18176642","score":{"value":88.18176642,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14853; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 86.30469073","score":{"value":86.30469073,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14854; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-2; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 62.1","score":{"value":62.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14855; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 65.2","score":{"value":65.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14856; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 122.4","score":{"value":122.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14857; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 142.7","score":{"value":142.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14858; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 133.8","score":{"value":133.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14859; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 136.9","score":{"value":136.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14860; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88.01699119","score":{"value":88.01699119,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14861; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 87.35160426","score":{"value":87.35160426,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14862; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-3; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 71.4","score":{"value":71.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14863; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 63.1","score":{"value":63.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14864; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 120","score":{"value":120,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14865; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 142.3","score":{"value":142.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14866; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 155.4","score":{"value":155.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14867; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 139.5","score":{"value":139.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14868; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88.06926314","score":{"value":88.06926314,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14869; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 86.27965631","score":{"value":86.27965631,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14870; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-4; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 74.66666667","score":{"value":74.66666667,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14871; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 61.7","score":{"value":61.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14872; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 119.3333333","score":{"value":119.3333333,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14873; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 140.4","score":{"value":140.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14874; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 169.6666667","score":{"value":169.6666667,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14875; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 139.7","score":{"value":139.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14876; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88.89113758","score":{"value":88.89113758,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14877; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 86.20275405","score":{"value":86.20275405,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14878; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-5; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 66.9","score":{"value":66.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14879; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 64.55555556","score":{"value":64.55555556,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14880; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 132.6","score":{"value":132.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14881; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 133.2222222","score":{"value":133.2222222,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14882; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 171.1","score":{"value":171.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14883; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 153.3333333","score":{"value":153.3333333,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14884; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 87.26723954","score":{"value":87.26723954,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14885; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 86.40999613","score":{"value":86.40999613,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14886; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-6; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 71.11111111","score":{"value":71.11111111,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14887; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 70.3","score":{"value":70.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14888; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 122.3333333","score":{"value":122.3333333,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14889; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 128.5","score":{"value":128.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14890; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 205.3333333","score":{"value":205.3333333,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14891; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 125","score":{"value":125,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14892; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88.8992299","score":{"value":88.8992299,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14893; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 87.58504846","score":{"value":87.58504846,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14894; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-7; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 70.5","score":{"value":70.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14895; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 62.4","score":{"value":62.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14896; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 118.7","score":{"value":118.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14897; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 128.3","score":{"value":128.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14898; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 154.8","score":{"value":154.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14899; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 113.5","score":{"value":113.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14900; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 89.0618652","score":{"value":89.0618652,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14901; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 86.0507522","score":{"value":86.0507522,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14902; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-8; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 62.3","score":{"value":62.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14903; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 68.3","score":{"value":68.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14904; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 123.7","score":{"value":123.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14905; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 134.8","score":{"value":134.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14906; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 126.9","score":{"value":126.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14907; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 166.8","score":{"value":166.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14908; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88.19644312","score":{"value":88.19644312,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14909; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88.20969601","score":{"value":88.20969601,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14910; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-9; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 66","score":{"value":66,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14911; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 70.9","score":{"value":70.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14912; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 126.3333333","score":{"value":126.3333333,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14913; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 122.7","score":{"value":122.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14914; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 149.8888889","score":{"value":149.8888889,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14915; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 152","score":{"value":152,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14916; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88.49972712","score":{"value":88.49972712,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14917; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 87.00856978","score":{"value":87.00856978,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 14918; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kane2022-10; sampling september to october. Primary study Kane2022: Kane, J. M., Gallagher, M. R., Varner, J. M. & Skowronski, N. S. (2022). Evidence of local adaptation in litter flammability of a widespread fire-adaptive pine. Journal of Ecology, 110, 1138– 1148.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 242","score":{"value":242,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15762; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2022-21; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Varner2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 60.1","score":{"value":60.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17268; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 64.1","score":{"value":64.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17269; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 120","score":{"value":120,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17270; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 213.15","score":{"value":213.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17271; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 241.64","score":{"value":241.64,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17272; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 255.89","score":{"value":255.89,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17273; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 49.86","score":{"value":49.86,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17274; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 63.01","score":{"value":63.01,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17275; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 53.15","score":{"value":53.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17276; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy release rate (kW): 3.91","score":{"value":3.91,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17277; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy release rate (kW): 7.75","score":{"value":7.75,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17278; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy release rate (kW): 14.27","score":{"value":14.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17279; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy release rate (kW): 2.84","score":{"value":2.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17280; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy release rate (kW): 4.26","score":{"value":4.26,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17281; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy release rate (kW): 5.57","score":{"value":5.57,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17282; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy release rate (kW): 2.3","score":{"value":2.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17283; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy release rate (kW): 2.71","score":{"value":2.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17284; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy release rate (kW): 4.08","score":{"value":4.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17285; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Thomas2013-1; sampling ND. Primary study Thomas2013: Thomas, J., Simeoni, A., Gallacher, M., & Skowronski, N. (2013). An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA. Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium 11th conference. Christchurch, New Zealand.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Thomas2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 60","score":{"value":60,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18744; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kreye2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kreye2023: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., & Varner, J. M. (2023). Multivariate roles of litter traits on moisture and flammability of temperate northeastern North American tree species. Fire Ecology, 19, 1-12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 104","score":{"value":104,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18745; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kreye2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kreye2023: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., & Varner, J. M. (2023). Multivariate roles of litter traits on moisture and flammability of temperate northeastern North American tree species. Fire Ecology, 19, 1-12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 172","score":{"value":172,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18746; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kreye2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kreye2023: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., & Varner, J. M. (2023). Multivariate roles of litter traits on moisture and flammability of temperate northeastern North American tree species. Fire Ecology, 19, 1-12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 85","score":{"value":85,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18747; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kreye2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kreye2023: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., & Varner, J. M. (2023). Multivariate roles of litter traits on moisture and flammability of temperate northeastern North American tree species. Fire Ecology, 19, 1-12.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2023","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 150.7","score":{"value":150.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19209; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Chung2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2008: Chung, Y. J., & Spearpoint, M. (2008). Combustion properties of native Korean wood species. International Journal on Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes, 9, 118–25.","original":"Chung2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 313","score":{"value":313,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19213; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Chung2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2008: Chung, Y. J., & Spearpoint, M. (2008). Combustion properties of native Korean wood species. International Journal on Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes, 9, 118–25.","original":"Chung2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smoke specific extinction area (m²/kg): 51.55","score":{"value":51.55,"scale":"FLAMITS — smoke specific extinction area (m²/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19217; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Chung2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2008: Chung, Y. J., & Spearpoint, M. (2008). Combustion properties of native Korean wood species. International Journal on Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes, 9, 118–25.","original":"Chung2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2928.25","score":{"value":2928.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19221; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Chung2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Chung2008: Chung, Y. J., & Spearpoint, M. (2008). Combustion properties of native Korean wood species. International Journal on Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes, 9, 118–25.","original":"Chung2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo replaced 2026-08-24 (joint review; prior auto-pick was not a usable reference image); human-reviewed."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CT","DC","DE","GA","IL","IN","KY","MA","MD","ME","MN","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","SC","TN","VA","VT","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ILL — 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Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWH — New Hampshire"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWJ — New Jersey"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 OHI — Ohio"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["RI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 RHO — Rhode I."]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEN — Tennessee"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VER — Vermont"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WVA — West Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CT","DC","DE","GA","IL","IN","KY","MA","MD","ME","MN","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","SC","TN","VA","VT","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"4a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-rigida","sourceTaxon":"Pinus rigida","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIRI","sourceTaxon":"Pinus rigida","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15556, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIRI","sourceTaxon":"Pinus rigida","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15556, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"pinus-rigida","sourceTaxon":"Pinus rigida","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"2b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-43,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"PIRI","sourceTaxon":"Pinus rigida","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15556, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"dibble-2007-northeastern-invasives","sourceName":"Combustion characteristics of north-eastern USA vegetation tested in the cone calorimeter","sourceUrl":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/31137","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["ME","MD","MA","NY","VA"],"regions":["Northeastern and mid-Atlantic study sites"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The authors collected foliage and twigs across study sites in Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, and Virginia, then conditioned and tested the samples in a cone calorimeter. FireApproved publishes 37 exact source owners only as multi-state laboratory context. The source does not establish that every taxon was sampled in every named state, whole-plant behavior, landscape suitability, or state planting guidance.","sourceVersion":"USDA-Treesearch-31137-2007","asOf":"2007-08-20T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Bulletin-921-2006","asOf":"2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","sourceName":"Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Virginia Cooperative Extension's publication opens with Virginia wildfire conditions, identifies its Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force, and labels plants native to Virginia. FireApproved publishes 306 exact source owners. Publication scope does not establish parcel suitability or current endorsement of this archived 2009 list.","sourceVersion":"Virginia-VCE-430-300-2009","asOf":"2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"cured","evidence":[{"source":"dibble-2007-northeastern-invasives","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/31137.pdf","claims":"Conditioned foliage and twigs were tested at 25 kW/m2 in a cone calorimeter.","evidenceIndex":3}]},{"condition":"dead-material","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","claims":"FLAMITS record 13648; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidenceIndex":53},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","claims":"FLAMITS record 13649; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidenceIndex":54},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","claims":"FLAMITS record 13650; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidenceIndex":55},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","claims":"FLAMITS record 13651; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidenceIndex":56},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","claims":"FLAMITS record 13652; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.","conditionSource":{"title":"Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/forests-and-global-change/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.727042/full","publisher":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","sourcePlacement":"Materials and Methods, Laboratory Burning","documentDate":"2021-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidenceIndex":57}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CT","GA","KY","MA","MD","ME","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","SC","TN","VA","VT","WV"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"2b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}