FireApproved

United States / Grow / Chinese cork oak

Chinese cork oak

Quercus variabilis · Fagaceae · all Quercus records · also called Quercus variabilis · Wikipedia

View Saved

Is this one for your yard?

Enter your ZIP to see whether this is legal to plant in your state, and whether it survives your winter.

Form
tree
Region
China; Korea
Rated in
Global
On this lot

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence
Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Evidence regions
Global

2. Why this plant is relevant here

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Listed without a rating (108)
Corroboration (108 rows from 1 source)

  • FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

    108 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.

    • Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.

      Shared row context: plant part leaves; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; fuel dead.

        • “maximum sample temperature (°C): 650”

          FLAMITS record 6265.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2830.08”

          FLAMITS record 6266.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; fuel dead.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 325”

          FLAMITS record 6275.

        • “time to flaming (s): 15.67”

          FLAMITS record 6312.

        • “time to flaming (s): 13.29”

          FLAMITS record 6313.

        • “time to flaming (s): 12.61”

          FLAMITS record 6314.

        • “time to flaming (s): 11.96”

          FLAMITS record 6315.

        • “time to flaming (s): 10.88”

          FLAMITS record 6316.

        • “time to flaming (s): 10.11”

          FLAMITS record 6317.

        • “time to flaming (s): 10.01”

          FLAMITS record 6318.

        • “time to flaming (s): 9.12”

          FLAMITS record 6319.

        • “time to flaming (s): 8.35”

          FLAMITS record 6320.

        • “time to flaming (s): 6.49”

          FLAMITS record 6321.

        • “time to flaming (s): 6.03”

          FLAMITS record 6322.

        • “time to flaming (s): 5.09”

          FLAMITS record 6323.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4”

          FLAMITS record 6324.

        • “time to flaming (s): 3.53”

          FLAMITS record 6325.

        • “time to flaming (s): 3.09”

          FLAMITS record 6326.

        • “time to flaming (s): 2.72”

          FLAMITS record 6327.

        • “time to flaming (s): 2.29”

          FLAMITS record 6328.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; fuel live.

        • “maximum sample temperature (°C): 625”

          FLAMITS record 6391.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2708.03”

          FLAMITS record 6392.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; fuel live.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 288”

          FLAMITS record 6400.

        • “time to flaming (s): 11.66”

          FLAMITS record 6457.

        • “time to flaming (s): 9.13”

          FLAMITS record 6458.

        • “time to flaming (s): 7.41”

          FLAMITS record 6459.

        • “time to flaming (s): 6.28”

          FLAMITS record 6460.

        • “time to flaming (s): 5.96”

          FLAMITS record 6461.

        • “time to flaming (s): 5.12”

          FLAMITS record 6462.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.77”

          FLAMITS record 6463.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.49”

          FLAMITS record 6464.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.37”

          FLAMITS record 6465.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.18”

          FLAMITS record 6466.

        • “time to flaming (s): 4.08”

          FLAMITS record 6467.

        • “time to flaming (s): 3.9”

          FLAMITS record 6468.

        • “time to flaming (s): 3.83”

          FLAMITS record 6469.

        • “time to flaming (s): 3.64”

          FLAMITS record 6470.

        • “time to flaming (s): 3.61”

          FLAMITS record 6471.

        • “time to flaming (s): 3.58”

          FLAMITS record 6472.

        • “time to flaming (s): 3.47”

          FLAMITS record 6473.

      • “burnt biomass (%): 95.5”

        FLAMITS record 6514; Consumability measurement; fuel dead.

      • “burnt biomass (%): 76.54”

        FLAMITS record 6515; Consumability measurement; fuel live.

    • Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.

      Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement.

        • “time to flaming (s): 268”

          FLAMITS record 10207.

        • “time to flaming (s): 98.4”

          FLAMITS record 10208.

        • “time to flaming (s): 62.8”

          FLAMITS record 10209.

        • “time to flaming (s): 45”

          FLAMITS record 10210.

        • “time to flaming (s): 27.9”

          FLAMITS record 10211.

        • “time to flaming (s): 17.9”

          FLAMITS record 10212.

        • “time to flaming (s): 7.9”

          FLAMITS record 10213.

        • “time to flaming (s): 3.5”

          FLAMITS record 10214.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 294.54”

          FLAMITS record 10215.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 299.9”

          FLAMITS record 10216.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 289.08”

          FLAMITS record 10217.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 297.45”

          FLAMITS record 10218.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 286”

          FLAMITS record 10219.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 247.52”

          FLAMITS record 10220.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 200.58”

          FLAMITS record 10221.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 177.59”

          FLAMITS record 10222.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.07”

          FLAMITS record 10239.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.07”

          FLAMITS record 10240.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.08”

          FLAMITS record 10241.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.09”

          FLAMITS record 10242.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.1”

          FLAMITS record 10243.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.13”

          FLAMITS record 10244.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.12”

          FLAMITS record 10245.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.15”

          FLAMITS record 10246.

    • Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.

      Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; sampling july.

        • “time to flaming (s): 27”

          FLAMITS record 10287.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 312”

          FLAMITS record 10296.

        • “time to maximum smoke density (s): 794”

          FLAMITS record 10315.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; sampling august.

        • “time to flaming (s): 47”

          FLAMITS record 10288.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 310”

          FLAMITS record 10297.

        • “time to maximum smoke density (s): 1039”

          FLAMITS record 10316.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; sampling september.

        • “time to flaming (s): 35”

          FLAMITS record 10289.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 310”

          FLAMITS record 10298.

        • “time to maximum smoke density (s): 1101”

          FLAMITS record 10317.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; sampling october.

        • “time to flaming (s): 40”

          FLAMITS record 10290.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 290”

          FLAMITS record 10299.

        • “time to maximum smoke density (s): 1043”

          FLAMITS record 10318.

      • “flaming duration (s): 80”

        FLAMITS record 10291; Sustainability measurement; sampling july.

      • “flaming duration (s): 99”

        FLAMITS record 10292; Sustainability measurement; sampling august.

      • “flaming duration (s): 140”

        FLAMITS record 10293; Sustainability measurement; sampling september.

      • “flaming duration (s): 100”

        FLAMITS record 10294; Sustainability measurement; sampling october.

      • “temperature at flaming (°C): 377”

        FLAMITS record 10295; Ignitability measurement; sampling june.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; sampling june.

        • “total heat release (MJ/m²): 19.2”

          FLAMITS record 10300.

        • “energy flux (kW/m²): 10.59”

          FLAMITS record 10305.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; sampling july.

        • “total heat release (MJ/m²): 25.8”

          FLAMITS record 10301.

        • “energy flux (kW/m²): 14.33”

          FLAMITS record 10306.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; sampling august.

        • “total heat release (MJ/m²): 24.4”

          FLAMITS record 10302.

        • “energy flux (kW/m²): 13.56”

          FLAMITS record 10307.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; sampling september.

        • “total heat release (MJ/m²): 36.3”

          FLAMITS record 10303.

        • “energy flux (kW/m²): 18.67”

          FLAMITS record 10308.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; sampling october.

        • “total heat release (MJ/m²): 26.6”

          FLAMITS record 10304.

        • “energy flux (kW/m²): 14.77”

          FLAMITS record 10309.

      • “total smoke release (m²/m²): 68.8”

        FLAMITS record 10310; Consumability measurement; sampling june.

      • “total smoke release (m²/m²): 242.2”

        FLAMITS record 10311; Consumability measurement; sampling july.

      • “total smoke release (m²/m²): 283.5”

        FLAMITS record 10312; Consumability measurement; sampling august.

      • “total smoke release (m²/m²): 166.2”

        FLAMITS record 10313; Consumability measurement; sampling september.

      • “total smoke release (m²/m²): 315.6”

        FLAMITS record 10314; Consumability measurement; sampling october.

    • Primary study Seo2010: Seo, H.-S., & Choung, Y.-S. (2010). Vulnerability of Pinus densiflora to forest fire based on ignition characteristics. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33, 343-349.

      Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Seo2010-1; sampling summer and autumn.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement.

        • “maximum flame temperature (°C): 397.09”

          FLAMITS record 12367.

        • “maximum flame temperature (°C): 361.34”

          FLAMITS record 12368.

        • “maximum flame temperature (°C): 333.13”

          FLAMITS record 12369.

        • “maximum flame temperature (°C): 277.2”

          FLAMITS record 12370.

        • “maximum flame temperature (°C): 240.18”

          FLAMITS record 12371.

        • “maximum flame temperature (°C): 205.68”

          FLAMITS record 12372.

      • Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement.

        • “burning duration (s): 196.37”

          FLAMITS record 12376.

        • “burning duration (s): 219.3”

          FLAMITS record 12377.

        • “burning duration (s): 233.94”

          FLAMITS record 12378.

    • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5321.24”

      FLAMITS record 13730; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Wang2009-1; sampling november. Primary study Wang2009: Wang, X., Niu, S., & Kan, Z. (2009). Properties and flammability of major tree species in the Beijing area. Frontiers of Forestry in China, 4, 304-308.

Fire-resistant trees instead

post oak
Quercus stellata northern red oak
Quercus rubra Gambel oak
Quercus gambelii American basswood
Tilia americana oak
Quercus spp. Dahurian larch
Larix gmelinii
Same genus in the directory · the Quercus group page

Last verified 2026-08-25. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF · iNaturalist · Wikidata · Wikipedia · ITIS

Quercus variabilis (Quercus variabilis). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/quercus-variabilis/. Last verified 2026-08-25.