{"id":"quercus-variabilis","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Quercus variabilis","commonNames":["Quercus variabilis"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Quercus variabilis","family":"Fagaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"QUVA3","gbifKey":2879787},"regions":["China","Korea"],"plantForm":"tree","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 650","score":{"value":650,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6265; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2830.08","score":{"value":2830.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6266; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 325","score":{"value":325,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6275; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 15.67","score":{"value":15.67,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6312; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 13.29","score":{"value":13.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6313; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12.61","score":{"value":12.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6314; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11.96","score":{"value":11.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6315; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.88","score":{"value":10.88,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6316; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.11","score":{"value":10.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6317; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.01","score":{"value":10.01,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6318; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.12","score":{"value":9.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6319; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.35","score":{"value":8.35,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6320; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.49","score":{"value":6.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6321; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.03","score":{"value":6.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6322; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.09","score":{"value":5.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6323; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4","score":{"value":4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6324; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.53","score":{"value":3.53,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6325; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.09","score":{"value":3.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6326; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.72","score":{"value":2.72,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6327; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.29","score":{"value":2.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6328; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 625","score":{"value":625,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6391; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2708.03","score":{"value":2708.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6392; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 288","score":{"value":288,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6400; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11.66","score":{"value":11.66,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6457; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.13","score":{"value":9.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6458; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.41","score":{"value":7.41,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6459; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.28","score":{"value":6.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6460; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.96","score":{"value":5.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6461; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.12","score":{"value":5.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6462; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.77","score":{"value":4.77,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6463; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.49","score":{"value":4.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6464; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.37","score":{"value":4.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6465; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.18","score":{"value":4.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6466; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.08","score":{"value":4.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6467; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.9","score":{"value":3.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6468; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.83","score":{"value":3.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6469; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.64","score":{"value":3.64,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6470; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.61","score":{"value":3.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6471; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.58","score":{"value":3.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6472; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.47","score":{"value":3.47,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6473; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 95.5","score":{"value":95.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6514; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 76.54","score":{"value":76.54,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 6515; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Lee2009-1; sampling april. Primary study Lee2009: Lee, H.-P., Lee, S.-Y., & Park, Y.-J. (2009). A study on thermal characteristics and ignitability of dead leaves and living leaves for main species of trees in Youngdong areas. Fire Science and Engineering, 23, 21-32.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Lee2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 268","score":{"value":268,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10207; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 98.4","score":{"value":98.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10208; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 62.8","score":{"value":62.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10209; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 45","score":{"value":45,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10210; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27.9","score":{"value":27.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10211; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17.9","score":{"value":17.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10212; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.9","score":{"value":7.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10213; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.5","score":{"value":3.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10214; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 294.54","score":{"value":294.54,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10215; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 299.9","score":{"value":299.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10216; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 289.08","score":{"value":289.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10217; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 297.45","score":{"value":297.45,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10218; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 286","score":{"value":286,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10219; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 247.52","score":{"value":247.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10220; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 200.58","score":{"value":200.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10221; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 177.59","score":{"value":177.59,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10222; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.07","score":{"value":0.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10239; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.07","score":{"value":0.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10240; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.08","score":{"value":0.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10241; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.09","score":{"value":0.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10242; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.1","score":{"value":0.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10243; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.13","score":{"value":0.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10244; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.12","score":{"value":0.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10245; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.15","score":{"value":0.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10246; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Park2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Park2007: Park, Y.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Sin, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, Y.-T., & Lee, H.-P. (2007). The ignition characteristics of dead leaves and living leaves of various trees in Young Dong Forest areas. Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27","score":{"value":27,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10287; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling july. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 47","score":{"value":47,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10288; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling august. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 35","score":{"value":35,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10289; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling september. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 40","score":{"value":40,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10290; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling october. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 80","score":{"value":80,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10291; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling july. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 99","score":{"value":99,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10292; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling august. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 140","score":{"value":140,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10293; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling september. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10294; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling october. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 377","score":{"value":377,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10295; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling june. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 312","score":{"value":312,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10296; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling july. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 310","score":{"value":310,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10297; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling august. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 310","score":{"value":310,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10298; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling september. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 290","score":{"value":290,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10299; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling october. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 19.2","score":{"value":19.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10300; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling june. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 25.8","score":{"value":25.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10301; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling july. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 24.4","score":{"value":24.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10302; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling august. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 36.3","score":{"value":36.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10303; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling september. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total heat release (MJ/m²): 26.6","score":{"value":26.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — total heat release (MJ/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10304; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling october. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 10.59","score":{"value":10.59,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10305; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling june. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 14.33","score":{"value":14.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10306; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling july. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 13.56","score":{"value":13.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10307; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling august. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 18.67","score":{"value":18.67,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10308; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling september. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 14.77","score":{"value":14.77,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10309; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling october. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total smoke release (m²/m²): 68.8","score":{"value":68.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — total smoke release (m²/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10310; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling june. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total smoke release (m²/m²): 242.2","score":{"value":242.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — total smoke release (m²/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10311; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling july. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total smoke release (m²/m²): 283.5","score":{"value":283.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — total smoke release (m²/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10312; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling august. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total smoke release (m²/m²): 166.2","score":{"value":166.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — total smoke release (m²/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10313; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling september. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"total smoke release (m²/m²): 315.6","score":{"value":315.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — total smoke release (m²/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10314; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling october. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to maximum smoke density (s): 794","score":{"value":794,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to maximum smoke density (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10315; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling july. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to maximum smoke density (s): 1039","score":{"value":1039,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to maximum smoke density (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10316; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling august. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to maximum smoke density (s): 1101","score":{"value":1101,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to maximum smoke density (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10317; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling september. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to maximum smoke density (s): 1043","score":{"value":1043,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to maximum smoke density (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10318; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Park2010a-1; sampling october. Primary study Park2010a: Park, Y.-J., Oh, J.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-P. (2010a). The Characteristics of Combustion for Living Leaves in Quercus variabilis with Monthly Seasonal Variations. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10, 85-90.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Park2010a","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 397.09","score":{"value":397.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12367; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Seo2010-1; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Seo2010: Seo, H.-S., & Choung, Y.-S. (2010). Vulnerability of Pinus densiflora to forest fire based on ignition characteristics. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33, 343-349.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Seo2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 361.34","score":{"value":361.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12368; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Seo2010-1; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Seo2010: Seo, H.-S., & Choung, Y.-S. (2010). Vulnerability of Pinus densiflora to forest fire based on ignition characteristics. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33, 343-349.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Seo2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 333.13","score":{"value":333.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12369; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Seo2010-1; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Seo2010: Seo, H.-S., & Choung, Y.-S. (2010). Vulnerability of Pinus densiflora to forest fire based on ignition characteristics. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33, 343-349.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Seo2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 277.2","score":{"value":277.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12370; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Seo2010-1; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Seo2010: Seo, H.-S., & Choung, Y.-S. (2010). Vulnerability of Pinus densiflora to forest fire based on ignition characteristics. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33, 343-349.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Seo2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 240.18","score":{"value":240.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12371; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Seo2010-1; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Seo2010: Seo, H.-S., & Choung, Y.-S. (2010). Vulnerability of Pinus densiflora to forest fire based on ignition characteristics. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33, 343-349.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Seo2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 205.68","score":{"value":205.68,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12372; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Seo2010-1; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Seo2010: Seo, H.-S., & Choung, Y.-S. (2010). Vulnerability of Pinus densiflora to forest fire based on ignition characteristics. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33, 343-349.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Seo2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 196.37","score":{"value":196.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12376; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Seo2010-1; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Seo2010: Seo, H.-S., & Choung, Y.-S. (2010). Vulnerability of Pinus densiflora to forest fire based on ignition characteristics. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33, 343-349.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Seo2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 219.3","score":{"value":219.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12377; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Seo2010-1; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Seo2010: Seo, H.-S., & Choung, Y.-S. (2010). Vulnerability of Pinus densiflora to forest fire based on ignition characteristics. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33, 343-349.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Seo2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 233.94","score":{"value":233.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 12378; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Seo2010-1; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Seo2010: Seo, H.-S., & Choung, Y.-S. (2010). Vulnerability of Pinus densiflora to forest fire based on ignition characteristics. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33, 343-349.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Seo2010","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5321.24","score":{"value":5321.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13730; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Wang2009-1; sampling november. Primary study Wang2009: Wang, X., Niu, S., & Kan, Z. (2009). Properties and flammability of major tree species in the Beijing area. Frontiers of Forestry in China, 4, 304-308.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wang2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}