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Portuguese oak

Quercus faginea · Fagaceae · all Quercus records

Your local evidence lens

Separate evidence questions, never one approval badge

Set a ZIP to compare this record with state distribution, native range, USDA hardiness, and invasive records.

A genus split is not a placement verdict. Set a ZIP to read the local documented split.

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: 1 condition stated in cited fire-evidence rows.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 1 source placement record; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Global; Tlemcen Mountains, western Algeria; Tlemcen, western Algeria; Valencia, Spain / western Mediterranean
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: No state distribution is normalized.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: No introduced or established row is normalized; that does not prove native status.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea) — Photo: (c) zebedeugalinha, some rights reserved (CC BY) (CC BY), via iNaturalist. Species-typical, not necessarily this cultivar.

Form: tree
Region: Algeria; Italy; Morocco; Spain; Valencia, Spain
Rated in: Global; Tlemcen Mountains, western Algeria; Tlemcen, western Algeria; Valencia, Spain / western Mediterranean
Family: Fagaceae
Evidence: 42 cited sources

Conditions in the fire evidence

These describe tested or rated plant material. They are not horticultural maintenance instructions.

green: The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria) evidence row

Where its sources say to plant it

Placement rules below use each source's own distances or named zones, tied to its rating. They are not interchangeable with the directory's current Zone 0 guidance.

The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the a…: Table 1 [henaoui-2013-fresh-material-flammability] (with its avoid rating)

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Avoids (1)

The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria) — European Scientific Journal · European Scientific Journal 9(29) · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: valette-1990

“High flammability — note 3” · score 3 (henaoui-2013-flammability-note-1-3) · condition: green · original source

Table 1 classifies Quercus faginea at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.

Mid-scale / conditional (1)

Flammability of some companion species in cork oak forests — Annals of Forest Science (Dehane, Hernando, Guijarro & Madrigal) · 2017 · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: inia-madrid-tree

“Measured in condition-dependent clusters; no overall directional class”

Fresh and oven-dried shoot flammability was measured; condition-dependent cluster changes were not collapsed into a low verdict.

Listed without a rating (39)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

39 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.7” · score 4.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2295; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2622.52” · score 2622.52 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 2305; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 223.27” · score 223.27 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 2315; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “burnt biomass (%): 92.3” · score 92.3 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 2325; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “time to flaming (s): 13” · score 13 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2335; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 319.32” · score 319.32 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 2345; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 80.32” · score 80.32 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 2355; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “burnt biomass (%): 94.26” · score 94.26 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 2365; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “time to flaming (s): 69.3” · score 69.3 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2591; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 147.8” · score 147.8 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 2592; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1886.88” · score 1886.88 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 2593; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.13” · score 0.13 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2594; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “burnt biomass (%): 91.7” · score 91.7 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 2595; Consumability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.7” · score 2.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2611; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 210.4” · score 210.4 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 2612; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5015.76” · score 5015.76 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 2613; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.06” · score 0.06 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2614; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “burnt biomass (%): 84.6” · score 84.6 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 2615; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “time to flaming (s): 94.5” · score 94.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2625; Ignitability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 58” · score 58 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 2626; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “flaming duration (s): 1149” · score 1149 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2627; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.
- “time to flaming (s): 12.8” · score 12.8 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4651; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems. IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “flame height (cm): 17” · score 17 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 4657; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems. IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.18” · score 0.18 (FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4664; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems. IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “burnt biomass (%): 53” · score 53 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 4667; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems. IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “ignition frequency (%): 40” · score 40 (FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 4674; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems. IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “time to flaming (s): 12.8” · score 12.8 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4682; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems. IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.18” · score 0.18 (FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4690; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems. IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.
- “time to flaming (s): 4” · score 4 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4721; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “flame height (cm): 17” · score 17 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 4777; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “burning duration (s): 11.4” · score 11.4 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4778; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “flammability value: 2.83” · score 2.83 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 4792; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “flame height (cm): 16.11” · score 16.11 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 4892; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “time to flaming (s): 62.6” · score 62.6 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4930; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “burning duration (s): 105.3” · score 105.3 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4968; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “time to flaming (s): 12.42” · score 12.42 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 16781; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium Agrosym 2019. Jahorina.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 80.94” · score 80.94 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 16782; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium Agrosym 2019. Jahorina.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1062.864242” · score 1062.864242 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 16783; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium Agrosym 2019. Jahorina.
- “burnt biomass (%): 94.55” · score 94.55 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 16784; Consumability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium Agrosym 2019. Jahorina.

Fire-resistant trees instead

Post oak
Quercus stellata

Red oak
Quercus rubra

Gambel Oak
Quercus gambelii

Basswood
Tilia americana

Oak
Quercus spp.

Dahurian larch
Larix gmelinii

Fire-resistant trees listed above

Last verified 2026-08-23. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: GBIF · iNaturalist · Wikidata ·

Quercus faginea (Portuguese oak). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/quercus-faginea/. Last verified 2026-08-23.