{"id":"quercus-faginea","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Quercus faginea","commonNames":["Portuguese oak"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Quercus faginea","family":"Fagaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":2881480,"wikidataQid":"Q2432250","inatTaxonId":82980},"regions":["Algeria","Italy","Morocco","Spain","Valencia, Spain"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/quercus-faginea.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/712161842","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/388819401","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) zebedeugalinha, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"gva-valencia","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"recommended low-flammability species (trees, native/forest column)","claimOriginal":"especies recomendadas","edition":"2019","url":"https://www.leliana.es/sites/www.leliana.es/files/files/Jardineria%20de%20baja%20inflamabilidad.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"dehane-2017-cork-oak-companions","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Measured in condition-dependent clusters; no overall directional class","claims":"Fresh and oven-dried shoot flammability was measured; condition-dependent cluster changes were not collapsed into a low verdict.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"2017","url":"https://hal.science/hal-02976554/document","documentDate":"2017-08-04T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"henaoui-cistus-tlemcen","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High flammability — note 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"henaoui-2013-flammability-note-1-3"},"claims":"Table 1 classifies Quercus faginea at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.","condition":"green","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Table 1","scheme":"henaoui-2013-fresh-material-flammability"},"edition":"European Scientific Journal 9(29)","url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/1917/1917/0","documentDate":"2013-10-30T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.7","score":{"value":4.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2295; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2622.52","score":{"value":2622.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2305; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 223.27","score":{"value":223.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2315; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 92.3","score":{"value":92.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2325; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 13","score":{"value":13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2335; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 319.32","score":{"value":319.32,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2345; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 80.32","score":{"value":80.32,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2355; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 94.26","score":{"value":94.26,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2365; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 69.3","score":{"value":69.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2591; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 147.8","score":{"value":147.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2592; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1886.88","score":{"value":1886.88,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2593; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.13","score":{"value":0.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2594; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 91.7","score":{"value":91.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2595; Consumability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.7","score":{"value":2.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2611; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"litter","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 210.4","score":{"value":210.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2612; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"litter","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5015.76","score":{"value":5015.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2613; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"litter","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.06","score":{"value":0.06,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2614; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"litter","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 84.6","score":{"value":84.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2615; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"litter","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 94.5","score":{"value":94.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2625; Ignitability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"bark","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 58","score":{"value":58,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2626; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"bark","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1149","score":{"value":1149,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2627; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site DellaRocca2018-1; sampling september. Primary study DellaRocca2018: Della Rocca, G., Danti, R., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2018). Flammability of Two Mediterranean Mixed Forests: Study of the Non-additive Effect of Fuel Mixtures in Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 825.","plantPart":"bark","original":"DellaRocca2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12.8","score":{"value":12.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4651; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 17","score":{"value":17,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4657; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.18","score":{"value":0.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4664; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 53","score":{"value":53,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4667; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 40","score":{"value":40,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4674; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12.8","score":{"value":12.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4682; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.18","score":{"value":0.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4690; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4","score":{"value":4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4721; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 17","score":{"value":17,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4777; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 11.4","score":{"value":11.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4778; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 2.83","score":{"value":2.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4792; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 16.11","score":{"value":16.11,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4892; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 62.6","score":{"value":62.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4930; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 105.3","score":{"value":105.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4968; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12.42","score":{"value":12.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16781; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 80.94","score":{"value":80.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16782; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1062.864242","score":{"value":1062.864242,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16783; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 94.55","score":{"value":94.55,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16784; Consumability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"disputed","recommendation":"conflict","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"conflict","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"henaoui-cistus-tlemcen","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/1917/1917/0","claims":"Table 1 classifies Quercus faginea at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.","evidenceIndex":2}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}