United States / Grow / maritime pine
Pinus pinaster
A genus split is not a placement verdict.
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Enter your ZIP to see whether this is legal to plant in your state, and whether it survives your winter.
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
“MUY DESACONSEJADA”
Pinus pinaster is rated “MUY DESACONSEJADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.
Κανονισμός Πυροπροστασίας Ακινήτων εντός ή πλησίον δασικών εκτάσεων
“ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΕΥΦΛΕΚΤΑ ΕΝΔΗΜΙΚΑ ΦΥΤΑ — Pinus pinaster”
The regulation prints this taxon in its table of particularly flammable endemic trees and shrubs.
Inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes (Valette 1990)
“INRA inflammability note 3 of 5 (July-September maximum)”
Monthly inflammability notes May-April: 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3 (epiradiator tests, INRA Avignon).
The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the WUI
“Flammable (Valette 3)”
Table 2 reports 134.76% foliar moisture, 24.15 s mean time to ignition, and 18.38 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.
A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels
“Flammability variables for the species studied”
Live-fuel comparison at 50 kW/m², 10 g fixed dry mass, 20 kg/m³ bulk density, piloted ignition, and FMC 115%. Table 1 mean (repeatability SD): TTI 80 (5) s; PHRR 152 (12) kW/m²; AEHC 9.25 (0.73) MJ/kg; MLR 0.09 (0.01) g/s; THR 13.22 (1.39) MJ/m². Kruskall–Wallis p values by species: TTI 0.0153; PHRR 0.0216; AEHC 0.0307; MLR 0.0300; THR 0.0156. The paper gives no overall species class or composite rank.
FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database
Primary study Bartoli2011: Bartoli, P., Simeoni, A., Biteau, H., Torero, J. L., & Santoni, P. A. (2011). Determination of the main parameters influencing forest fuel combustion dynamics. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 27-33.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4235.18”
FLAMITS record 426.
“energy release rate (kW): 6.69”
FLAMITS record 434.
“energy release rate (kW): 8.35”
FLAMITS record 437.
“flaming duration (s): 57.3”
FLAMITS record 429; Sustainability measurement.
Primary study Dimitrakopoulos2011: Dimitrakopoulos, A. P., Mitsopoulos, I. D., & Kaliva, A. (2011). Short communication. Comparing flammability traits among fire-stricken (low elevation) and non fire- stricken (high elevation) conifer forest species of Europe: a test of the Mutch hypothesis. Forest Systems, 22, 134-137.
“time to flaming (s): 27.45”
FLAMITS record 2983.
“temperature at flaming (°C): 213”
FLAMITS record 3003.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4477.53”
FLAMITS record 2993; Combustibility measurement.
Primary study Dupuy2003: Dupuy, J.-L., Marechal, J., & Morvan, D. (2003). Fires from a cylindrical forest fuel burner: combustion dynamics and flame properties. Combustion and Flame, 135, 65-76.
“maximum energy release rate (kW): 146”
FLAMITS record 3172.
“maximum energy release rate (kW): 167”
FLAMITS record 3174.
“maximum energy release rate (kW): 106”
FLAMITS record 3176.
“maximum energy release rate (kW): 101”
FLAMITS record 3178.
“maximum energy release rate (kW): 57”
FLAMITS record 3180.
“maximum energy release rate (kW): 54”
FLAMITS record 3182.
“flame height (cm): 190”
FLAMITS record 3196.
“flame height (cm): 200”
FLAMITS record 3198.
“flame height (cm): 160”
FLAMITS record 3200.
“flame height (cm): 170”
FLAMITS record 3202.
“flame height (cm): 130”
FLAMITS record 3204.
“flame height (cm): 130”
FLAMITS record 3206.
“time to maximum heat release rate (s): 21”
FLAMITS record 3184.
“time to maximum heat release rate (s): 18”
FLAMITS record 3186.
“time to maximum heat release rate (s): 13”
FLAMITS record 3188.
“time to maximum heat release rate (s): 18”
FLAMITS record 3190.
“time to maximum heat release rate (s): 16”
FLAMITS record 3192.
“time to maximum heat release rate (s): 15”
FLAMITS record 3194.
Primary study Essaghi2017: Essaghi, S., Hachmi, M. H., Yessef, M., Dehhaoui, M., & El Amarty, F. (2017). Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index. Forests, 8, 443.
“flammability value: 10.79”
FLAMITS record 3311.
“flammability value: 14.83”
FLAMITS record 3324.
Primary study Fateh2016: Fateh, T., Richard, F., Batiot, B., Rogaume, T., Luche, J., & Zaida, J. (2016). Characterization of the burning behavior and gaseous emissions of pine needles in a cone calorimeterFTIR apparatus. Fire Safety Journal, 82, 91-100.
“time to flaming (s): 225.5”
FLAMITS record 3330.
“time to flaming (s): 75”
FLAMITS record 3331.
“time to flaming (s): 22”
FLAMITS record 3332.
“time to flaming (s): 12.5”
FLAMITS record 3333.
“time to flaming (s): 7.5”
FLAMITS record 3334.
“time to flaming (s): 209.5”
FLAMITS record 3335.
“time to flaming (s): 68”
FLAMITS record 3336.
“time to flaming (s): 20.5”
FLAMITS record 3337.
“time to flaming (s): 12”
FLAMITS record 3338.
“time to flaming (s): 7.5”
FLAMITS record 3339.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4975.16”
FLAMITS record 3928; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Gillon1997-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Gillon1997: Gillon, D., Hernando, C., Valette, J.-C., & Joffre, R. (1997). Fast estimation of the calorific values of forest fuels by near infrared-reflectance spectroscopy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 760-765.
Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems. IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.
“time to flaming (s): 5.82”
FLAMITS record 4649.
“ignition frequency (%): 48”
FLAMITS record 4672.
“time to flaming (s): 5.82”
FLAMITS record 4680.
“flame height (cm): 58”
FLAMITS record 4655; Combustibility measurement.
“rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.19”
FLAMITS record 4662.
“rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.19”
FLAMITS record 4688.
“burnt biomass (%): 82”
FLAMITS record 4694; Consumability measurement.
Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
“time to flaming (s): 13.4”
FLAMITS record 4719.
“flammability value: 1.64”
FLAMITS record 4807.
“flame height (cm): 11”
FLAMITS record 4773; Combustibility measurement.
“burning duration (s): 17.2”
FLAMITS record 4774; Sustainability measurement.
Primary study Jervis2012: Jervis, F. X. (2012). Application of fire calorimetry to understand factors affecting flammability of cellulosic material: Pine needles, tree leaves and chipboard. PhD. Dissertation. University of Edinburgh.
“time to flaming (s): 26.55”
FLAMITS record 5276.
“time to flaming (s): 35.74”
FLAMITS record 5277.
“flaming duration (s): 5.74”
FLAMITS record 5282.
“flaming duration (s): 6.8”
FLAMITS record 5283.
“energy flux (kW/m²): 416.52”
FLAMITS record 5288.
“energy flux (kW/m²): 454.45”
FLAMITS record 5289.
“time to flaming (s): 20.96”
FLAMITS record 5324.
“time to flaming (s): 17.9”
FLAMITS record 5325.
“time to flaming (s): 19.9”
FLAMITS record 5326.
“time to flaming (s): 16.92”
FLAMITS record 5327.
“time to flaming (s): 16.99”
FLAMITS record 5328.
“time to flaming (s): 15.82”
FLAMITS record 5329.
“time to flaming (s): 15.86”
FLAMITS record 5330.
“time to flaming (s): 23.18”
FLAMITS record 5349.
“time to flaming (s): 33.69”
FLAMITS record 5350.
“flaming duration (s): 11.3”
FLAMITS record 5365.
“flaming duration (s): 15.09”
FLAMITS record 5366.
“flaming duration (s): 16.56”
FLAMITS record 5367.
“flaming duration (s): 30.71”
FLAMITS record 5368.
“flaming duration (s): 29.84”
FLAMITS record 5369.
“flaming duration (s): 36.86”
FLAMITS record 5370.
“flaming duration (s): 56.24”
FLAMITS record 5371.
“flaming duration (s): 13.85”
FLAMITS record 5376.
“flaming duration (s): 12.2”
FLAMITS record 5377.
“energy flux (kW/m²): 205.57”
FLAMITS record 5392.
“energy flux (kW/m²): 348.62”
FLAMITS record 5393.
“energy flux (kW/m²): 462.75”
FLAMITS record 5394.
“energy flux (kW/m²): 504.64”
FLAMITS record 5395.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 545.15”
FLAMITS record 5396.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 675.91”
FLAMITS record 5397.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 632.41”
FLAMITS record 5398.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 438.09”
FLAMITS record 5403.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 438.09”
FLAMITS record 5404.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4075.04”
FLAMITS record 5419.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4039.19”
FLAMITS record 5420.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 3554.01”
FLAMITS record 5421.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 2865.67”
FLAMITS record 5422.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 2624.28”
FLAMITS record 5423.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 2275.33”
FLAMITS record 5424.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 1242.83”
FLAMITS record 5425.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 3176.38”
FLAMITS record 5434.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 3059.27”
FLAMITS record 5435.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 1577.44”
FLAMITS record 5436.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 1238.05”
FLAMITS record 5437.
Primary study Madrigal2009: Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., Diez, C., Marino, E., & De Castro, A. (2009). Evaluation of forest fuel flammability and combustion properties with an adapted mass loss calorimeter device. Journal of Fire Sciences, 27, 323-342.
“time to flaming (s): 13.67”
FLAMITS record 7269; Ignitability measurement.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4275.34”
FLAMITS record 7273.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 472.53”
FLAMITS record 7277.
“total heat release (MJ/m²): 17.9”
FLAMITS record 7281.
“burnt biomass (%): 99.67”
FLAMITS record 7285; Consumability measurement.
Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 472”
FLAMITS record 7291.
“total heat release (MJ/m²): 26.07”
FLAMITS record 7297.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.06”
FLAMITS record 7315.
“time to flaming (s): 8”
FLAMITS record 7303; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel dead.
“flaming duration (s): 53”
FLAMITS record 7309; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel dead.
“flaming duration (s): 61”
FLAMITS record 7336; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 389”
FLAMITS record 7356.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.05”
FLAMITS record 7396.
“total heat release (MJ/m²): 15.81”
FLAMITS record 7416.
“time to flaming (s): 13”
FLAMITS record 7376; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live.
Primary study Madrigal2011b: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011b). Estimation of Peak Heat Release Rate of a Forest Fuel Bed in Outdoor Laboratory Conditions. Journal of Fire Sciences, 29, 53-70.
“time to flaming (s): 10”
FLAMITS record 7419.
“time to flaming (s): 12”
FLAMITS record 7426.
“burning duration (s): 95”
FLAMITS record 7420.
“flaming duration (s): 80”
FLAMITS record 7421.
“burning duration (s): 62”
FLAMITS record 7427.
“flaming duration (s): 50”
FLAMITS record 7428.
“maximum energy release rate (kW): 2.01”
FLAMITS record 7422.
“total heat release (MJ/m²): 18.2”
FLAMITS record 7423.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 5147.12”
FLAMITS record 7424.
“maximum energy release rate (kW): 3.75”
FLAMITS record 7429.
“total heat release (MJ/m²): 19.1”
FLAMITS record 7430.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 3116.93”
FLAMITS record 7431.
“burnt biomass (%): 96.8”
FLAMITS record 7425.
“burnt biomass (%): 97.2”
FLAMITS record 7432.
Primary study Madrigal2013: Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., & Guijarro, M. (2013). A new bench-scale methodology for evaluating the flammability of live forest fuels. Journal of Fire Sciences, 31, 131-142.
“time to flaming (s): 80”
FLAMITS record 7497; Ignitability measurement.
“maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 152”
FLAMITS record 7501.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.09”
FLAMITS record 7505.
“total heat release (MJ/m²): 13.22”
FLAMITS record 7509.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 2209.32”
FLAMITS record 7513.
Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 5177”
FLAMITS record 7905; Combustibility measurement.
“flammability value: 0”
FLAMITS record 7954.
“flammability value: 1”
FLAMITS record 7955.
Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.
“time to flaming (s): 24.15”
FLAMITS record 9303.
“flammability value: 3”
FLAMITS record 9339.
“flaming duration (s): 18.38”
FLAMITS record 9321; Sustainability measurement.
Primary study Msweli2020: Msweli, S. T., Potts, A. J., Fritz, H., & Kraaij, T. (2020). Fire weather effects on flammability of indigenous and invasive alien plants in coastal fynbos and thicket shrublands (Cape Floristic Region). PeerJ, 8, e10161.
“time to flaming (s): 72.62”
FLAMITS record 9491.
“time to flaming (s): 20.4”
FLAMITS record 9581.
“maximum flame temperature (°C): 669.92”
FLAMITS record 9521.
“maximum sample temperature (°C): 724.42”
FLAMITS record 9611.
“burnt biomass (%): 86.2”
FLAMITS record 9551.
“burnt biomass (%): 84.21”
FLAMITS record 9641.
Primary study Nunez1996: Nunez-Regueira, L., Anon, J. A. R., & Castineiras, J. P. (1996). Calorific values and flammability of forest species in Galicia. Coastal and hillside zones. Bioresource Technology, 57, 283-289.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4652.93”
FLAMITS record 9782.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4887.51”
FLAMITS record 9786.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 1558.44”
FLAMITS record 9783.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 1401.72”
FLAMITS record 9787.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4934.26”
FLAMITS record 9784.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4872.09”
FLAMITS record 9788.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 1826.24”
FLAMITS record 9785.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 6028.93”
FLAMITS record 9789.
“flammability value: 4”
FLAMITS record 9847; Ignitability measurement; device epiradiator; sampling spring.
“flammability value: 5”
FLAMITS record 9856; Ignitability measurement; device epiradiator; sampling summer.
“flammability value: 4”
FLAMITS record 9865; Ignitability measurement; device epiradiator; sampling autumn.
“flammability value: 3”
FLAMITS record 9874; Ignitability measurement; device epiradiator; sampling winter.
Primary study Ormeno2009: Ormeno, E., Cespedes, B., Sanchez, I.A., Velasco-Garcia, A., Moreno, J.M., Fernandez, C., & Baldy, V. (2009). The relationship between terpenes and flammability of leaf litter. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 471-482.
“rate of burning spread (cm/s): 1460”
FLAMITS record 9883.
“burning duration (s): 622.4”
FLAMITS record 9887.
“burning duration (s): 16.18”
FLAMITS record 9899.
“flame height (cm): 100”
FLAMITS record 9885.
“maximum sample temperature (°C): 464.9”
FLAMITS record 9891.
“burnt biomass (%): 91.5”
FLAMITS record 9889; Consumability measurement.
“time to flaming (s): 2.78”
FLAMITS record 9893; Ignitability measurement.
Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.
“time to flaming (s): 29.13”
FLAMITS record 10505.
“ignition frequency (%): 44”
FLAMITS record 10507.
“flammability value: 1”
FLAMITS record 10508.
“burning duration (s): 11.31”
FLAMITS record 10506; Sustainability measurement.
Primary study Rosavec2013: Rosavec, R., ikic, Z., panjol, ., & Barcic, D. (2013). Utjecaj meteorolokih ?imbenika na zapaljivost nekih sredozemnih vrsta. umarski list, 137, 583-590.
“flaming duration (s): 13.35”
FLAMITS record 11621; site Rosavec2013-1.
“flaming duration (s): 12.93”
FLAMITS record 11622; site Rosavec2013-2.
“time to flaming (s): 61.47”
FLAMITS record 11923; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Santoni2014-1; sampling ND. Primary study Santoni2014: Santoni, P., Bartoli, P., Simeoni, A., & Torero, J. (2014). Bulk and particle properties of pine needle fuel bedsinfluence on combustion. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 23, 1076-1086.
Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes. Conséquences sur la combustibilité des formations forestières. Revue forestière française, 42, 76-92.
“flammability value: 0”
FLAMITS record 13347.
“flammability value: 3”
FLAMITS record 13348.
Primary study Rossa2016: Rossa, C. G., Veloso, R., & Fernandes, P. M. (2016). A laboratory-based quantification of the effect of live fuel moisture content on fire spread rate. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 25, 569-573.
“rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.834375”
FLAMITS record 16616; Sustainability measurement; sampling march and june 2014.
“flame height (cm): 71.25”
FLAMITS record 16617; Combustibility measurement; sampling march and june 2015.
“time to flaming (s): 89”
FLAMITS record 16840; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Schemel2008-1; sampling ND. Primary study Schemel2008: Schemel, C.F., Simeoni, A., Biteau, H., Rivera, J.D., & Torero, J.L. (2008). A calorimetric study of wildland fuels. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 32, 13811389.
Primary study Mindykowski2011: Mindykowski, P., Fuentes, A., Consalvi, J. L., & Porterie, B. (2011). Piloted ignition of wildland fuels. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 3440.
“temperature at flaming (°C): 575”
FLAMITS record 17545.
“temperature at flaming (°C): 562”
FLAMITS record 17546.
“temperature at flaming (°C): 549”
FLAMITS record 17547.
“time to flaming (s): 254.24”
FLAMITS record 17549.
“time to flaming (s): 169.59”
FLAMITS record 17550.
“time to flaming (s): 97.94”
FLAMITS record 17551.
“time to flaming (s): 63.67”
FLAMITS record 17552.
“time to flaming (s): 41.33”
FLAMITS record 17553.
“time to flaming (s): 35.73”
FLAMITS record 17554.
“time to flaming (s): 28.22”
FLAMITS record 17555.
“time to flaming (s): 24.87”
FLAMITS record 17556.
“time to flaming (s): 176.67”
FLAMITS record 17557.
“time to flaming (s): 95.04”
FLAMITS record 17558.
“time to flaming (s): 71.08”
FLAMITS record 17559.
“time to flaming (s): 51.96”
FLAMITS record 17560.
“time to flaming (s): 36.38”
FLAMITS record 17561.
“time to flaming (s): 29.82”
FLAMITS record 17562.
“time to flaming (s): 26.8”
FLAMITS record 17563.
“time to flaming (s): 209.33”
FLAMITS record 17564.
“time to flaming (s): 103.86”
FLAMITS record 17565.
“time to flaming (s): 74.09”
FLAMITS record 17566.
“time to flaming (s): 43.05”
FLAMITS record 17567.
“time to flaming (s): 35.2”
FLAMITS record 17568.
“time to flaming (s): 28.33”
FLAMITS record 17569.
“time to flaming (s): 25.32”
FLAMITS record 17570.
“time to flaming (s): 27.77”
FLAMITS record 17571.
Primary study Sahila2023: Sahila, A., Boutchiche, H., Viegas, D. X., Reis, L., & Zekri, N. (2023). A comparative study of the combustion dynamics and flame properties of dead Mediterranean plants. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 32, 979-988.
“flame height (cm): 250”
FLAMITS record 18028.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 18”
FLAMITS record 18029.
“maximum flame temperature (°C): 397”
FLAMITS record 18030.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4036.49”
FLAMITS record 18039.
“flaming duration (s): 242”
FLAMITS record 18031.
“flaming duration (s): 210”
FLAMITS record 18038.
“time to flaming (s): 8”
FLAMITS record 18032; Ignitability measurement.
Primary study Boutchiche2022: Boutchiche, H., Mosbah, O., Sahila, A., Raposo, J., Reis, L., Viegas, D. X., ... Zekri, N. (2022). Influence of Compactness Upon Flammability Properties of Forest Fuels. in review, preprint.
“flaming duration (s): 326.51”
FLAMITS record 18059.
“flaming duration (s): 323.28”
FLAMITS record 18060.
“flaming duration (s): 189.46”
FLAMITS record 18061.
“flaming duration (s): 183.02”
FLAMITS record 18062.
“flaming duration (s): 90.92”
FLAMITS record 18063.
“flaming duration (s): 90.48”
FLAMITS record 18064.
“flaming duration (s): 81.03”
FLAMITS record 18065.
“flaming duration (s): 54.6”
FLAMITS record 18066.
“flaming duration (s): 41.39”
FLAMITS record 18082.
“flaming duration (s): 44.77”
FLAMITS record 18083.
“flaming duration (s): 74.03”
FLAMITS record 18084.
“flaming duration (s): 87.43”
FLAMITS record 18085.
“flaming duration (s): 90.86”
FLAMITS record 18086.
“flaming duration (s): 183.62”
FLAMITS record 18087.
“flaming duration (s): 187.02”
FLAMITS record 18088.
“flaming duration (s): 323.18”
FLAMITS record 18089.
“flaming duration (s): 326.56”
FLAMITS record 18090.
“time to flaming (s): 18.14”
FLAMITS record 18106.
“time to flaming (s): 14.39”
FLAMITS record 18107.
“time to flaming (s): 10.95”
FLAMITS record 18108.
“time to flaming (s): 9.85”
FLAMITS record 18109.
“time to flaming (s): 11.21”
FLAMITS record 18110.
“time to flaming (s): 12.95”
FLAMITS record 18111.
“time to flaming (s): 13.58”
FLAMITS record 18112.
“time to flaming (s): 14.59”
FLAMITS record 18113.
“time to flaming (s): 19.33”
FLAMITS record 18114.
“time to flaming (s): 19.01”
FLAMITS record 18130.
“time to flaming (s): 14.47”
FLAMITS record 18131.
“time to flaming (s): 13.68”
FLAMITS record 18132.
“time to flaming (s): 12.94”
FLAMITS record 18133.
“time to flaming (s): 11.53”
FLAMITS record 18134.
“time to flaming (s): 10.42”
FLAMITS record 18135.
“time to flaming (s): 10.98”
FLAMITS record 18136.
“time to flaming (s): 13.8”
FLAMITS record 18137.
“time to flaming (s): 17.91”
FLAMITS record 18138.
“time to flaming (s): 78”
FLAMITS record 18335; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Delabraze1974-1; sampling july to september 1974. Primary study Delabraze1974: Delabraze, P., & Valette, J. -C. (1974). Inflammabilitéet combustibilitéde la végétation forestière méditerranéenne. Revue Forestiere Française, 26, 171177.
Primary study Ganteaume2009: Ganteaume, A., Lampin-Maillet, C., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Jappiot, M., Fonturbel, T., ... Vega, J.A. (2009). Spot fires: fuel bed flammability and capability of firebrands to ignite fuel beds. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 951-969.
“ignition frequency (%): 100”
FLAMITS record 19835.
“time to flaming (s): 5.7”
FLAMITS record 19836.
“rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.19”
FLAMITS record 19837; Sustainability measurement.
“flame height (cm): 64.83”
FLAMITS record 19838; Combustibility measurement.
