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Pinus massoniana

Pinus massoniana · Pinaceae · all Pinus records

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1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: No test or rating condition is normalized.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 0 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Global
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: No state distribution is normalized.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: No introduced or established row is normalized; that does not prove native status.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Form: tree
Region: China
Rated in: Global
Family: Pinaceae
Evidence: 48 cited sources

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Listed without a rating (48)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

48 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “time to flaming (s): 191” · score 191 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19616; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “time to flaming (s): 210” · score 210 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19617; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “time to flaming (s): 306” · score 306 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19618; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “time to flaming (s): 32” · score 32 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19619; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “time to flaming (s): 77” · score 77 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19620; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “time to flaming (s): 76” · score 76 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19621; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “time to flaming (s): 13” · score 13 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19622; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “time to flaming (s): 22” · score 22 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19623; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “time to flaming (s): 32” · score 32 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19624; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 162.09” · score 162.09 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19679; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 143.78” · score 143.78 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19680; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 155.35” · score 155.35 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19681; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 188.32” · score 188.32 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19682; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 201.87” · score 201.87 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19683; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 151.95” · score 151.95 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19684; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 319.2” · score 319.2 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19685; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 281.91” · score 281.91 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19686; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 203.15” · score 203.15 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19687; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 16.16” · score 16.16 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19742; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 13.58” · score 13.58 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19743; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 13.4” · score 13.4 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19744; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 13.3” · score 13.3 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19745; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 13.88” · score 13.88 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19746; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 7.54” · score 7.54 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19747; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 14.57” · score 14.57 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19748; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 14.06” · score 14.06 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19749; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 10.05” · score 10.05 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19750; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “flaming duration (s): 1027” · score 1027 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19805; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “flaming duration (s): 1217.3” · score 1217.3 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19806; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “flaming duration (s): 1112” · score 1112 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19807; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “flaming duration (s): 805” · score 805 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19808; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “flaming duration (s): 822” · score 822 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19809; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “flaming duration (s): 441.7” · score 441.7 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19810; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “flaming duration (s): 469” · score 469 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19811; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “flaming duration (s): 566.3” · score 566.3 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19812; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “flaming duration (s): 1714.7” · score 1714.7 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19813; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-5; sampling ND. Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
- “time to flaming (s): 168.07” · score 168.07 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19961; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 150.69” · score 150.69 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19962; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 98.82” · score 98.82 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19963; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 40.95” · score 40.95 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19964; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 43.83” · score 43.83 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19965; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 60.62” · score 60.62 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19966; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 132.28” · score 132.28 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19967; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 115.98” · score 115.98 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19968; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 91.49” · score 91.49 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19969; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 80.4” · score 80.4 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19970; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 89.82” · score 89.82 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19971; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.
- “time to flaming (s): 93.01” · score 93.01 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19972; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Song2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Song2023: Song, J. (2023). Flaming Ignition of PMMA, Pine Wood and Pine Needle by External Radiation: Autoignition and Radiant Distance Effect. Fire 6, 163.

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Last verified 2026-08-25. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF ·

Pinus massoniana (Pinus massoniana). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/pinus-massoniana/. Last verified 2026-08-25.