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sand pine

Pinus clausa · Pinaceae · all Pinus records · also called Pinus clausa · Wikipedia

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Enter your ZIP to see whether this is legal to plant in your state, and whether it survives your winter.

Form
tree
Mature height
~80 ft
Water need
moderate
Rated in
Global
On this lot

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence
Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions
1 condition stated in cited fire-evidence rows.
Evidence regions
Global

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution
Documented in AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, TX.
Native range
Current cited native range in AL, FL.
USDA hardiness
Documented minimum 7a; no upper limit is documented.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Native and introduced range evidence

These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval. Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.

Current native

2

exact source areas

Current introduced

0

exact source areas

Qualified

0

doubtful or extinct source rows

2 native source areas · World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 16 v16, as of 2026-06-04
  • Alabama (AL)
  • Florida (FL)

The lossless worldwide derivative is retained once in the research corpus; object pages repeat only exact U.S. areas needed by the local lens. The JSON twin carries the same page assertions.

Plant hardiness evidence

These values describe the plant source. Your ZIP zone comes from the separate 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Whole-zone values stay whole-zone, and a single unresolved value is not treated as a tolerance range. Different source boundaries stay separate: overlapping statements are compared independently, while only ranges with no shared zone are called a conflict.

Conditions in the fire evidence

These describe tested or rated plant material. They are not horticultural maintenance instructions.

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Listed without a rating (49)
Corroboration (49 rows from 1 source)

  • FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

    49 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.

    • Primary study Fonda2001: Fonda, R. W. (2001). Burning characteristics of needles from eight pine species. Forest Science, 47, 390-396.

      Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2001-2; sampling ND.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement.

        • “flame height (cm): 50.3”

          FLAMITS record 3382.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.03”

          FLAMITS record 3386.

      • Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement.

        • “flaming duration (s): 195.4”

          FLAMITS record 3383.

        • “burning duration (s): 319.9”

          FLAMITS record 3384.

      • “burnt biomass (%): 61.6”

        FLAMITS record 3385; Consumability measurement.

    • Primary study Fonda2004: Fonda, R., & Varner, J. (2004). Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species. Northwest Science, 78, 322-333.

      Shared row context: plant part cones; fuel dead; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Fonda2004-2; sampling august to october.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement.

        • “flame height (cm): 44.4”

          FLAMITS record 3428.

        • “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.01”

          FLAMITS record 3433.

      • Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement.

        • “flaming duration (s): 207”

          FLAMITS record 3429.

        • “smouldering duration (s): 178”

          FLAMITS record 3430.

        • “burning duration (s): 385”

          FLAMITS record 3431.

      • “burnt biomass (%): 49.3”

        FLAMITS record 3432; Consumability measurement.

    • Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.

      Shared row context: Combustibility measurement; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-1.

      • Shared measurement context: plant part leaves; sampling march.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5379”

          FLAMITS record 5013.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5443”

          FLAMITS record 5015.

      • Shared measurement context: plant part leaves; sampling may.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 4865”

          FLAMITS record 5014.

        • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5242”

          FLAMITS record 5016.

      • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5293”

        FLAMITS record 5017; plant part twigs; sampling march.

      • “calorific value (kcal/kg): 5112”

        FLAMITS record 5018; plant part twigs; sampling may.

    • Primary study McAllister2017: McAllister, S., & Weise, D. (2017). Effects of season on ignition of live wildland fuels using the forced ignition and flame spread test apparatus. Combustion Science and Technology, 189, 231-247.

      Shared row context: Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device scale wind tunnel; site McAllister2017-3.

      • “time to flaming (s): 22.69”

        FLAMITS record 9108; sampling may.

      • “time to flaming (s): 27.51”

        FLAMITS record 9109; sampling june.

      • “time to flaming (s): 29.92”

        FLAMITS record 9110; sampling july.

      • “time to flaming (s): 25.67”

        FLAMITS record 9111; sampling august.

      • “time to flaming (s): 31.03”

        FLAMITS record 9112; sampling september.

      • “time to flaming (s): 28.98”

        FLAMITS record 9113; sampling october.

      • “time to flaming (s): 27.45”

        FLAMITS record 9114; sampling november.

      • “time to flaming (s): 28.03”

        FLAMITS record 9115; sampling december.

      • “time to flaming (s): 31.08”

        FLAMITS record 9116; sampling february.

      • “time to flaming (s): 28.55”

        FLAMITS record 9117; sampling march.

      • “time to flaming (s): 31.31”

        FLAMITS record 9118; sampling april.

    • Primary study Varner2021: Varner, J. M., Kane, J. M., Kreye, J. K., & Shearman, T. M. (2021). Litter Flammability of 50 Southeastern North American Tree Species: Evidence for Mesophication Gradients Across Multiple Ecosystems. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 727042. Primary-study method: freshly fallen litter was oven-dried at 50–60°C for at least 24 hours to constant mass; each trial used a 15 g dry litter fuelbed, with five to seven trials per species.

      Shared row context: plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Varner2021-1; sampling ND.

    • Primary study Varner2022: Varner, J. M., Shearman, T. M., Kane, J. M., Banwell, E., Jules, E., & Stambaugh, M. (2022). Understanding flammability and bark thickness in the genus Pinus using a phylogenetic approach. Scientific Reports, 12, 7384.

      Shared row context: plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; sampling ND.

      • “flame height (cm): 65”

        FLAMITS record 15661; Combustibility measurement; site Varner2022-5.

      • Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement; site Varner2022-5.

        • “flaming duration (s): 81.7”

          FLAMITS record 15662.

        • “smouldering duration (s): 488”

          FLAMITS record 15663.

      • “burnt biomass (%): 80.8”

        FLAMITS record 15664; Consumability measurement; site Varner2022-5.

      • “flame height (cm): 59.6”

        FLAMITS record 15665; Combustibility measurement; site Varner2022-6.

      • Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement; site Varner2022-6.

        • “flaming duration (s): 54.9”

          FLAMITS record 15666.

        • “smouldering duration (s): 584”

          FLAMITS record 15667.

      • “burnt biomass (%): 77.5”

        FLAMITS record 15668; Consumability measurement; site Varner2022-6.

      • “flame height (cm): 48”

        FLAMITS record 15669; Combustibility measurement; site Varner2022-7.

      • Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement; site Varner2022-7.

        • “flaming duration (s): 93.4”

          FLAMITS record 15670.

        • “smouldering duration (s): 497.2”

          FLAMITS record 15671.

      • “burnt biomass (%): 79.6”

        FLAMITS record 15672; Consumability measurement; site Varner2022-7.

      • “flame height (cm): 66.9”

        FLAMITS record 15673; Combustibility measurement; site Varner2022-8.

      • Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement; site Varner2022-8.

        • “flaming duration (s): 155.3”

          FLAMITS record 15674.

        • “smouldering duration (s): 444.4”

          FLAMITS record 15675.

      • “burnt biomass (%): 82.5”

        FLAMITS record 15676; Consumability measurement; site Varner2022-8.

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Same genus in the directory · the Pinus group page

Last verified 2026-08-25. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF · iNaturalist · Wikidata · Wikipedia · ITIS

Pinus clausa (Pinus clausa). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/pinus-clausa/. Last verified 2026-08-25.