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Fagus crenata

Fagus crenata · Fagaceae · all Fagus records

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1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: No test or rating condition is normalized.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 0 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Global
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: No state distribution is normalized.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: No introduced or established row is normalized; that does not prove native status.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Form: tree
Region: Japan
Rated in: Global
Family: Fagaceae
Evidence: 70 cited sources

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Listed without a rating (70)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

70 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “time to flaming (s): 17” · score 17 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18842; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 262” · score 262 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18861; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 97” · score 97 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18862; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 58” · score 58 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18863; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 30” · score 30 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18864; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 22” · score 22 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18865; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 89” · score 89 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18866; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 45” · score 45 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18867; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 31” · score 31 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18868; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 96” · score 96 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18869; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 56” · score 56 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18870; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 32” · score 32 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18871; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 20” · score 20 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18872; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 131” · score 131 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18873; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 86” · score 86 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18874; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 51” · score 51 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18875; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 34” · score 34 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18876; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 155” · score 155 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18877; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 59” · score 59 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18878; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 31” · score 31 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18879; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 22” · score 22 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18880; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 94” · score 94 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18881; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 55” · score 55 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18882; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “time to flaming (s): 34” · score 34 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18883; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 12.5” · score 12.5 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18976; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 10.9” · score 10.9 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18977; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 11.6” · score 11.6 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18978; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 13.2” · score 13.2 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18979; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 14.9” · score 14.9 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18980; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 11.3” · score 11.3 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18981; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 12.4” · score 12.4 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18982; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 14.7” · score 14.7 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18983; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 8.9” · score 8.9 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18984; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 9” · score 9 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18985; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 11” · score 11 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18986; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 13.1” · score 13.1 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18987; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 8.5” · score 8.5 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18988; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 8.9” · score 8.9 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18989; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 10” · score 10 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18990; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 10.8” · score 10.8 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18991; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 8.4” · score 8.4 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18992; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 8.1” · score 8.1 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18993; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 10” · score 10 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18994; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 11.3” · score 11.3 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18995; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 8.2” · score 8.2 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18996; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 9.4” · score 9.4 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18997; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 10” · score 10 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s))
  
  FLAMITS record 18998; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 135” · score 135 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19091; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 116” · score 116 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19092; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 119” · score 119 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19093; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 161” · score 161 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19094; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 151” · score 151 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19095; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 116” · score 116 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19096; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 146” · score 146 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19097; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 141” · score 141 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19098; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 94” · score 94 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19099; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 96” · score 96 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19100; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 124” · score 124 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19101; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 143” · score 143 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19102; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 90” · score 90 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19103; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 95” · score 95 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19104; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 114” · score 114 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19105; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 114” · score 114 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19106; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 91” · score 91 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19107; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 92” · score 92 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19108; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 111” · score 111 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19109; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 127” · score 127 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19110; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 94” · score 94 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19111; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 111” · score 111 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19112; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 112” · score 112 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 19113; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Harada2001-1; sampling ND. Primary study Harada2001: Harada, T. (2001). Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test. Fire Materials, 25, 1617.

Fire-resistant trees instead

Post oak
Quercus stellata

Red oak
Quercus rubra

Gambel Oak
Quercus gambelii

Basswood
Tilia americana

Oak
Quercus spp.

Dahurian larch
Larix gmelinii

Last verified 2026-08-25. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: GBIF ·

Fagus crenata (Fagus crenata). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/fagus-crenata/. Last verified 2026-08-25.