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Common grass tree

Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium · Ericaceae · all Dracophyllum records · also called Inaka

Your local evidence lens

Separate evidence questions, never one approval badge

Set a ZIP to compare this record with state distribution, native range, USDA hardiness, and invasive records.

A genus split is not a placement verdict. Set a ZIP to read the local documented split.

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Highly flammable — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: No test or rating condition is normalized.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 0 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Global; New Zealand
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: No state distribution is normalized.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: No introduced or established row is normalized; that does not prove native status.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Common grass tree (Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium) — Photo: no rights reserved (CC0), via iNaturalist. Species-typical, not necessarily this cultivar.

Form: shrub
Region: New Zealand
Rated in: Global; New Zealand
Family: Ericaceae
Evidence: 37 cited sources

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Avoids (1)

Low Flammability Plants directory — Fire and Emergency New Zealand (plant flammability testing at Lincoln University) · 2026 · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: lincoln-nz-tree

“High flammability”

High flammability classification.

Listed without a rating (36)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

36 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.8” · score 1.8 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2103; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020b-7; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Cui2020b: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Marshall, K., Perry, G. L. W., & Curran, T. J. (2020b). Shoot-level flammability across the Dracophyllum (Ericaceae) phylogeny: evidence for flammability being an emergent property in a land with little fire. New Phytologist, 228, 95-105
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 619.8” · score 619.8 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 2124; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020b-7; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Cui2020b: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Marshall, K., Perry, G. L. W., & Curran, T. J. (2020b). Shoot-level flammability across the Dracophyllum (Ericaceae) phylogeny: evidence for flammability being an emergent property in a land with little fire. New Phytologist, 228, 95-105
- “burning duration (s): 70.9” · score 70.9 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2145; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020b-7; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Cui2020b: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Marshall, K., Perry, G. L. W., & Curran, T. J. (2020b). Shoot-level flammability across the Dracophyllum (Ericaceae) phylogeny: evidence for flammability being an emergent property in a land with little fire. New Phytologist, 228, 95-105
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 70.2” · score 70.2 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 2166; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020b-7; sampling summer and autumn. Primary study Cui2020b: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Marshall, K., Perry, G. L. W., & Curran, T. J. (2020b). Shoot-level flammability across the Dracophyllum (Ericaceae) phylogeny: evidence for flammability being an emergent property in a land with little fire. New Phytologist, 228, 95-105
- “time to flaming (s): 1.6” · score 1.6 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15511; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 680.1” · score 680.1 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 15512; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “burning duration (s): 93.9” · score 93.9 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15513; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 76.3” · score 76.3 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 15514; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-1; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.7” · score 2.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15515; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-2; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 439.5” · score 439.5 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 15516; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-2; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “burning duration (s): 44.5” · score 44.5 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15517; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-2; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 33.8” · score 33.8 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 15518; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-2; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.1” · score 2.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15519; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-3; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 674.8” · score 674.8 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 15520; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-3; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “burning duration (s): 105” · score 105 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15521; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-3; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 86.3” · score 86.3 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 15522; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-3; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.1” · score 2.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15523; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 677.3” · score 677.3 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 15524; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “burning duration (s): 77” · score 77 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15525; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 86.4” · score 86.4 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 15526; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-4; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.3” · score 1.3 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15527; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-5; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 456” · score 456 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 15528; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-5; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “burning duration (s): 23.1” · score 23.1 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15529; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-5; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 36.4” · score 36.4 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 15530; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-5; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.2” · score 1.2 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15531; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-6; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 724.4” · score 724.4 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 15532; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-6; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “burning duration (s): 81.3” · score 81.3 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15533; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-6; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 88.8” · score 88.8 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 15534; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-6; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.7” · score 1.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15535; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-7; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 618.3” · score 618.3 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 15536; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-7; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “burning duration (s): 81.1” · score 81.1 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15537; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-7; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 75.6” · score 75.6 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 15538; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-7; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.7” · score 1.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15539; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-8; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 674.5” · score 674.5 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 15540; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-8; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “burning duration (s): 55.8” · score 55.8 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 15541; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-8; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 75.6” · score 75.6 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 15542; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2022-8; sampling ND. Primary study Cui2022: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Perry, G. L., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Huang, C., ... & Curran, T. J. (2022). Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions. Forest Ecosystems, 9, 100017.

Fire-resistant shrubs instead

Mastic
Pistacia lentiscus

Cistus salviifolius
Cistus salvaefolius

Creeping Myoporum
Myoporum parvifolium

Kinnikinnick
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Kurrajong
Brachychiton populneus

Calicotome spinosa
Calycotoma spinosa

Fire-resistant shrubs listed above

Last verified 2026-08-23. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: GBIF · iNaturalist · Wikidata ·

Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium (Common grass tree, Inaka). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/dracophyllum-rosmarinifolium/. Last verified 2026-08-23.