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Form
shrub
Region
New Zealand
Rated in
Global; New Zealand
On this lot
1. Fire evidence and conditions
Fire evidence
Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions
Fire ecology context
Placement evidence
Evidence regions
Global; New Zealand
Maintenance
2. Why this plant is relevant here
State distribution
Native range
Introduced / established
USDA hardiness
3. Legal, ecological, and broader status
Legal-list status
Seed-list status
Reported invasive here
Broader regional context
Federal context
How to read this page
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
The evidence
Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself
(a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or
republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.
Mid-scale / conditional (1)
Low Flammability Plants directory — Fire and Emergency New Zealand (plant flammability testing at Lincoln University) · 2026 · original sourcePrimary evidenceLab-testedlineage: lincoln-nz-tree
“Moderate/high flammability”
Moderate/high flammability classification.
Listed without a rating (14)Corroboration (14 rows from 1 source)
14 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
Primary study Alam2020: Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Buckley, H. L., Perry, G. L. W., Sullivan, J. J., Mason, N. W. H., . . . Curran, T. J. (2020). Shoot flammability is decoupled from leaf flammability, but controlled by leaf functional traits. Journal of Ecology, 108, 641-653.
Shared row context: plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Alam2020-1; sampling ND.
“ignition frequency (%): 100”
FLAMITS record 3; Ignitability measurement.
“maximum sample temperature (°C): 661.25”
FLAMITS record 19; Combustibility measurement.
“burning duration (s): 41.5”
FLAMITS record 35; Sustainability measurement.
“estimated burnt biomass (%): 51.25”
FLAMITS record 51; Consumability measurement.
Primary study Cui2020b: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Marshall, K., Perry, G. L. W., & Curran, T. J. (2020b). Shoot-level flammability across the Dracophyllum (Ericaceae) phylogeny: evidence for flammability being an emergent property in a land with little fire. New Phytologist, 228, 95-105
Shared row context: plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020b-10; sampling summer and autumn.
“time to flaming (s): 1.6”
FLAMITS record 2106; Ignitability measurement.
“maximum flame temperature (°C): 559.8”
FLAMITS record 2127; Combustibility measurement.
“burning duration (s): 59.8”
FLAMITS record 2148; Sustainability measurement.
“estimated burnt biomass (%): 56”
FLAMITS record 2169; Consumability measurement.
Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.
Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-9; sampling summer.