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Themeda triandra

Themeda triandra · Poaceae

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Separate evidence questions, never one approval badge

Set a ZIP to compare this record with state distribution, native range, USDA hardiness, and invasive records.

A genus split is not a placement verdict. Set a ZIP to read the local documented split.

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: No test or rating condition is normalized.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 0 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Global
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: Documented in TX.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: 1 sourced range or established record; set a location to match them. This is not an invasive warning.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Form: grass
Grows in: TX
Rated in: Global
Family: Poaceae
Evidence: 20 cited sources

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Listed without a rating (20)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

20 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 4318.11” · score 4318.11 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 960; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Bowman1988-1; sampling september. Primary study Bowman1988: Bowman, D., & Wilson, B. (1988). Fuel characteristics of coastal monsoon forests, Northern Territory, Australia. Journal of Biogeography, 807-817.
- “rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.42” · score 0.42 (FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 974; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device burning bench; site Bowman1988-1; sampling september. Primary study Bowman1988: Bowman, D., & Wilson, B. (1988). Fuel characteristics of coastal monsoon forests, Northern Territory, Australia. Journal of Biogeography, 807-817.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.47” · score 2.47 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10928; Ignitability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.74” · score 2.74 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10929; Ignitability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “time to flaming (s): 3” · score 3 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10930; Ignitability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.98” · score 2.98 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10931; Ignitability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “flaming duration (s): 65.47” · score 65.47 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10932; Sustainability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “flaming duration (s): 62.62” · score 62.62 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10933; Sustainability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “flaming duration (s): 58.41” · score 58.41 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10934; Sustainability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “flaming duration (s): 57.31” · score 57.31 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10935; Sustainability measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0036” · score 0.0036 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10936; Combustibility measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.004” · score 0.004 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10937; Combustibility measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0042” · score 0.0042 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10938; Combustibility measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.0041” · score 0.0041 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 10939; Combustibility measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Raubenheimer2021-1; sampling ND. Primary study Raubenheimer2021: Raubenheimer, S. L., Simpson, K., Carkeek, R., & Ripley, B. (2021). Could CO2-induced changes to C4 grass flammability aggravate savanna woody encroachment? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39, 82-95.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.12” · score 1.12 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 12816; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.11” · score 1.11 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 12817; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.04” · score 0.04 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 12864; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.04” · score 0.04 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 12865; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.
- “flaming duration (s): 5.1” · score 5.1 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 12912; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.
- “flaming duration (s): 4.72” · score 4.72 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 12913; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Simpson2016-1; sampling july. Primary study Simpson2016: Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P. A., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C P. (2016). Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. Journal of Ecology, 104, 138-148.

Fire-resistant grasss instead

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Last verified 2026-08-25. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF ·

Themeda triandra (Themeda triandra). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/themeda-triandra/. Last verified 2026-08-25.