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Sandarac tree

Tetraclinis articulata · Cupressaceae

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Separate evidence questions, never one approval badge

Set a ZIP to compare this record with state distribution, native range, USDA hardiness, and invasive records.

A genus split is not a placement verdict. Set a ZIP to read the local documented split.

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Highly flammable — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: 1 condition stated in cited fire-evidence rows.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 1 source placement record; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Global; Tlemcen Mountains, western Algeria; Tlemcen, western Algeria
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: No state distribution is normalized.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: No introduced or established row is normalized; that does not prove native status.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Sandarac tree (Tetraclinis articulata) — Photo: (c) Oleg Kosterin, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Oleg Kosterin (CC BY), via iNaturalist. Species-typical, not necessarily this cultivar.

Form: tree
Region: Algeria; Morocco
Rated in: Global; Tlemcen Mountains, western Algeria; Tlemcen, western Algeria
Family: Cupressaceae
Evidence: 20 cited sources

Conditions in the fire evidence

These describe tested or rated plant material. They are not horticultural maintenance instructions.

green: The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria) evidence row

Where its sources say to plant it

Placement rules below use each source's own distances or named zones, tied to its rating. They are not interchangeable with the directory's current Zone 0 guidance.

The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the a…: Table 1 [henaoui-2013-fresh-material-flammability] (with its avoid rating)

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Avoids (2)

Flammability of some companion species in cork oak forests — Annals of Forest Science (Dehane, Hernando, Guijarro & Madrigal) · 2017 · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: inia-madrid-tree

“Author-named highly flammable group”

The abstract identifies this species as highly flammable from its combustibility and sustainability across fresh and dried-fuel analysis.
The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria) — European Scientific Journal · European Scientific Journal 9(29) · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: valette-1990

“High flammability — note 3” · score 3 (henaoui-2013-flammability-note-1-3) · condition: green · original source

Table 1 classifies Tetraclinis articulata at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.

Listed without a rating (18)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

18 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “time to flaming (s): 15” · score 15 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2298; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 3116.93” · score 3116.93 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 2308; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 262.8” · score 262.8 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 2318; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “burnt biomass (%): 92.7” · score 92.7 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 2328; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “time to flaming (s): 109” · score 109 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 2338; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 429.83” · score 429.83 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 2348; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 190.83” · score 190.83 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 2358; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “burnt biomass (%): 96.37” · score 96.37 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 2368; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.
- “time to flaming (s): 10.1” · score 10.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4724; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “flame height (cm): 10” · score 10 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 4783; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “burning duration (s): 13.4” · score 13.4 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4784; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.
- “flame height (cm): 27.18” · score 27.18 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 4900; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “time to flaming (s): 17.96” · score 17.96 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4938; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “burning duration (s): 85.95” · score 85.95 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4976; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “time to flaming (s): 108.14” · score 108.14 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 16769; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium Agrosym 2019. Jahorina.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 128.67” · score 128.67 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 16770; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium Agrosym 2019. Jahorina.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2739.562439” · score 2739.562439 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 16771; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium Agrosym 2019. Jahorina.
- “burnt biomass (%): 96.45” · score 96.45 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 16772; Consumability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium Agrosym 2019. Jahorina.

Fire-resistant trees instead

Post oak
Quercus stellata

Red oak
Quercus rubra

Gambel Oak
Quercus gambelii

Basswood
Tilia americana

Oak
Quercus spp.

Dahurian larch
Larix gmelinii

Fire-resistant trees listed above

Last verified 2026-08-24. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF ·

Tetraclinis articulata (Sandarac tree). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/tetraclinis-articulata/. Last verified 2026-08-24.