{"id":"tetraclinis-articulata","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Tetraclinis articulata","commonNames":["Sandarac tree"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Tetraclinis articulata","family":"Cupressaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"TEAR7","gbifKey":2684184},"regions":["Algeria","Morocco"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/tetraclinis-articulata.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/178129614","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Oleg Kosterin, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Oleg Kosterin","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"dehane-2017-cork-oak-companions","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Author-named highly flammable group","claims":"The abstract identifies this species as highly flammable from its combustibility and sustainability across fresh and dried-fuel analysis.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"2017","url":"https://hal.science/hal-02976554/document","documentDate":"2017-08-04T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"henaoui-cistus-tlemcen","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High flammability — note 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"henaoui-2013-flammability-note-1-3"},"claims":"Table 1 classifies Tetraclinis articulata at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.","condition":"green","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Table 1","scheme":"henaoui-2013-fresh-material-flammability"},"edition":"European Scientific Journal 9(29)","url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/1917/1917/0","documentDate":"2013-10-30T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 15","score":{"value":15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2298; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3116.93","score":{"value":3116.93,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2308; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 262.8","score":{"value":262.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2318; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 92.7","score":{"value":92.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2328; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 109","score":{"value":109,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2338; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 429.83","score":{"value":429.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2348; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 190.83","score":{"value":190.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2358; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 96.37","score":{"value":96.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2368; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.1","score":{"value":10.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4724; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 10","score":{"value":10,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4783; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 13.4","score":{"value":13.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4784; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 27.18","score":{"value":27.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4900; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17.96","score":{"value":17.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4938; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 85.95","score":{"value":85.95,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4976; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 108.14","score":{"value":108.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16769; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 128.67","score":{"value":128.67,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16770; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 2739.562439","score":{"value":2739.562439,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16771; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 96.45","score":{"value":96.45,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16772; Consumability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session)."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"henaoui-cistus-tlemcen","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/1917/1917/0","claims":"Table 1 classifies Tetraclinis articulata at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.","evidenceIndex":1}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}