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The outdoor burn trial supplies the directional finding for craibeira, Tabebuia aurea. The design used three one-square-metre replications outdoors, producing a mean flame height of 115 centimetres, a combustibility index of 4, spread of 0.0104 metres per second, and high-severity fire intensity of 124.22 kilocalories per metre per second.
The study used cured shoots, retained under performance conditions. The measurements that follow cover live leaves and shoots without assigning a direction. Together, the record remains a mid-scale candidate rather than an on-list or avoid entry in the evidence table.
Two ecological reports identify invasive status in Hawaii and the Lower 48. Those distribution findings are relevant context but do not change the measured fire category or count as votes in the evidence table.
Form
tree
Rated in
Caatinga around Patos, Paraíba, Brazil; Global
On this lot
1. Fire evidence and conditions
Fire evidence
Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
1 sourced range or established record. This is not an invasive warning.
USDA hardiness
3. Legal, ecological, and broader status
Legal-list status
Seed-list status
Reported invasive here
2 ecological invasive reports.
Broader regional context
Federal context
How to read this page
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
Native and introduced range evidence
These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and
introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval.
Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.
The lossless worldwide derivative is retained once in the research corpus; object pages repeat only exact U.S. areas needed by the local lens. The JSON twin carries the same page assertions.
Conditions in the fire evidence
These describe tested or rated plant material. They are not horticultural maintenance instructions.
Placement rules below use each source's own distances or named zones, tied to its rating.
They are not interchangeable with the directory's current Zone 0 guidance.
Comportamento do fogo em espécies nativas da Caatinga na …: three replicated 1 m² outdoor fuel-bed burns [luz-2023-caatinga-burn-trial] (mid-scale rating)
The evidence
Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself
(a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or
republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.
10 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
Primary study Americo2021: Americo, N., Epifanio, M. L. F. G., de Almeida Sousa, H. G., de Souza, P. B., da Silva, F.d.C.S., Batista, A. C., ... Giongo, M. (2021). Avaliação da inflamabilidade de espécies vegetais do Cerrado. Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity, 9, 187-191.
Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Americo2021-1; sampling ND.
Primary study Silva2019: Silva, F. C. D. S., Rodrigues-Duarte, B.V., Ganassoli-Neto, E., Viana-Sousa, I., Cardoso-Silva, M.V., Moreira-Santos, M., ... Giongo, M. (2019). Inflamabilidade de espécies vegetais do cerrado stricto sensu. Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity, 7, 315-319.
Shared row context: plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Silva2019-1; sampling ND.
