Enter your ZIP to see whether this is legal to plant in your state, and whether it survives your winter.
Form
tree
Mature height
~40 ft
Water need
moderate
Rated in
Global
On this lot
1. Fire evidence and conditions
Fire evidence
Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions
Fire ecology context
Placement evidence
Evidence regions
Global
Maintenance
2. Why this plant is relevant here
State distribution
Documented in AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, VA.
Native range
Current cited native range in AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, VA.
Introduced / established
USDA hardiness
Documented minimum 6b; no upper limit is documented.
3. Legal, ecological, and broader status
Legal-list status
Seed-list status
Reported invasive here
Broader regional context
Federal context
How to read this page
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
Native and introduced range evidence
These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and
introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval.
Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.
The lossless worldwide derivative is retained once in the research corpus; object pages repeat only exact U.S. areas needed by the local lens. The JSON twin carries the same page assertions.
Plant hardiness evidence
These values describe the plant source. Your ZIP zone comes from the separate 2023 USDA
Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Whole-zone values stay whole-zone, and a single unresolved value
is not treated as a tolerance range. Different source boundaries stay separate: overlapping
statements are compared independently, while only ranges with no shared zone are called a conflict.
Source location: PlantCharacteristics record 70336, Temperature, Minimum (°F).
The evidence
Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself
(a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or
republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.
Listed without a rating (9)Corroboration (9 rows from 1 source)
9 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
Primary study Kane2008: Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2008). The burning characteristics of southeastern oaks: Discriminating fire facilitators from fire impeders. Forest Ecology and Management, 256, 2039-2045.
Shared row context: fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kane2008-1; sampling november and december.
“flame height (cm): 81.4”
FLAMITS record 5450; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves.
“flaming duration (s): 50.4”
FLAMITS record 5458; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves.
“smouldering duration (s): 350.7”
FLAMITS record 5466; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter.
“mass loss rate (g/s): 0.36”
FLAMITS record 5474; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter.
“burnt biomass (%): 90.2”
FLAMITS record 5482; Consumability measurement; plant part litter.
Primary study Mola2014: Mola, J. M., Varner, J. M., Jules, E. S., & Spector, T. (2014). Altered Community Flammability in Florida's Apalachicola Ravines and Implications for the Persistence of the Endangered Conifer Torreya taxifolia. Plos One, 9, 8.
Shared row context: plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Mola2014-1; sampling may and june.
