Scots pine

Pinus sylvestris · Pinaceae · all Pinus records · also called Scot's pine · Wikipedia

Is this one for your yard?

Enter your ZIP to see whether this is legal to plant in your state, and whether it survives your winter.

Scots pine is not fire resistant and does not belong near structures.

All six sources place it on the avoid side, using several kinds of assessment. Fire and Emergency New Zealand rates it moderate to high after shoot-flammability testing and includes it among high-flammability environmental weeds. A Chinese laboratory study puts Scots pine among the ten taxa with the worst fire resistance after comparing six litter-leaf traits, including moisture, ignition point, ash, heat of combustion, and extractives.

The expert assessments point the same way. Ohio State Extension gives Scots pine an H rating, the high band and one step below very high on its five-band scale. The USDA Forest Service and state Firewise programs call it Not Firewise, category 4 on a scale where 4 is the least favorable rating.

European guidance strengthens the warning. In Catalonia, Diputació de Girona and Bombers de la Generalitat de Catalunya rate Scots pine “very discouraged” for gardens, assuming species-specific care. Their method combines fire evidence and fire-service experience with considerations of origin, invasiveness, maintenance, and fuel structure. Greece’s 2023 fire-protection regulation names the species among particularly flammable endemic trees and shrubs. For a tree that reaches about 50 feet at maturity, agreement across laboratory testing, expert guidance, and regulation leaves little room to treat Scots pine as a fire-resistant choice near a building.

Fire-resistant trees instead

Form: tree
Mature height: ~50 ft
Light: Full sun
Water need: moderate
Rated in: Catalonia, Spain; Global; Greece; New Zealand +3

On this lot

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Highly flammable — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: 1 condition stated in cited fire-evidence rows.
Fire ecology context
Placement evidence: 4 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Catalonia, Spain; Global; Greece; New Zealand; Northeast China; Ohio / Midwest; eastern US
Maintenance

Typed publication scope: 1 scope across 1 cited fire source

Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921) · Official scoped edition
- OH; partial normalized coverage · 2006-03-01
  Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: Documented in CT, DC, DE, IA, IL, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VT, WI, WV.
Native range
Introduced / established: 6 sourced range or established records. This is not an invasive warning.
USDA hardiness: Documented minimum 3a; no upper limit is documented.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status
Seed-list status
Reported invasive here: 1 ecological invasive report.
Broader regional context
Federal context

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Native and introduced range evidence

These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval. Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.

Current native

0

exact source areas

Current introduced

6

exact source areas

Qualified

0

doubtful or extinct source rows

6 introduced source areas · World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 16 v16, as of 2026-06-04

Illinois (IL)
Maryland (MD)
Minnesota (MN)
New York (NY)
Vermont (VT)
Wisconsin (WI)

The lossless worldwide derivative is retained once in the research corpus; object pages repeat only exact U.S. areas needed by the local lens. The JSON twin carries the same page assertions.

Plant hardiness evidence

These values describe the plant source. Your ZIP zone comes from the separate 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Whole-zone values stay whole-zone, and a single unresolved value is not treated as a tolerance range. Different source boundaries stay separate: overlapping statements are compared independently, while only ranges with no shared zone are called a conflict.

Eastern United States Fire Performance Plant Selector · record pinus-sylvestris · 2016-wayback · as of 2026-08-26

Source prints 4 · single-value meaning unresolved · whole zone precision · source stated

Source taxon: Pinus sylvestris · exact match.

Source location: Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record.

Not used for comparison: The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.
USDA PLANTS Database — Plant Characteristics · record PISY · PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23 · as of 2026-08-26

Minimum 3a · no upper limit documented · half zone precision · derived containing band

Exact source measurement: -36°F; mapped only to its containing half-zone.

Source taxon: Pinus sylvestris · source identifier match.

Source location: PlantCharacteristics record 15575, Temperature, Minimum (°F).

Conditions in the fire evidence

These describe tested or rated plant material. They are not horticultural maintenance instructions.

cured: Ordering and sorting of fire resistance of tree leaves evidence row

Where its sources say to plant it

Placement rules below use each source's own distances or named zones, tied to its rating. They are not interchangeable with the directory's current Zone 0 guidance.

Eastern United States Fire Performance Plant Selector: Landscape Zone 3 — 10–30 ft from the structure; thin vegetation, remove debris, and minimize plant massing [Fire Performance Plant Selector landscape zone] (with its avoid rating)
Firewise Landscaping: keep 30 ft from the home (Zone 3) [OSU B921 source-category siting] (with its avoid rating)
Guía de pirojardinería: not suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone [girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability] (with its avoid rating)
Κανονισμός Πυροπροστασίας Ακινήτων εντός ή πλησίον δασικώ…: section 5.4.2, Table 2δi [greece-2023-particularly-flammable] (with its avoid rating)

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Avoids (6)

Eastern United States Fire Performance Plant Selector — USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area S&PF + state Firewise programs (WV, OH, PA, DE, DC, MD, NJ) · 2016-wayback · original source Primary evidence Keyed curation lineage: ufifas-srs-tree

“NOT Firewise (4)”

Commonly grown for Christmas trees. Orange bark on mature trees. Twisted needles in bundles of 2.
Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921) — Ohio State University Extension (Sydnor, Steward, Kloss / Ohio DNR Division of Forestry) · 2006 · original source Primary evidence Expert-curated lineage: ufifas-srs-tree

“H flammability”

Disease sensitive; irregular growth pattern; adapts to various soils and high pH.
Low Flammability Plants directory — Fire and Emergency New Zealand (plant flammability testing at Lincoln University) · 2026 · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: lincoln-nz-tree

“Moderate/high flammability”

Moderate/high flammability classification. On FENZ's high-flammability environmental weeds list (2024 DOC list).
Ordering and sorting of fire resistance of tree leaves — Scientia Silvae Sinicae (Shan, Hu, Shu, Xu) · 2003 · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: shan-nefu-tree

“Author-named worst fire resistance” · condition: cured

The authors place 樟子松 among the ten taxa with the worst fire resistance after factor analysis of six litter-leaf traits.

Source wording: “抗火性最不好”
Guía de pirojardinería — guía práctica de jardinería adaptada a la prevención de incendios forestales — Diputació de Girona and Bombers de la Generalitat de Catalunya · 2020 Spanish edition · original source Primary evidence Expert-curated lineage: elvira-hernando-1989 + cooperem-tree

“MUY DESACONSEJADA”

Pinus sylvestris is rated “MUY DESACONSEJADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.

Corroboration (1 rows from 1 source)

Κανονισμός Πυροπροστασίας Ακινήτων εντός ή πλησίον δασικών εκτάσεων — Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy · FEK B 3475/2023 · original source Corroboration Regulation

“ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΕΥΦΛΕΚΤΑ ΕΝΔΗΜΙΚΑ ΦΥΤΑ — Pinus sylvestris”

The regulation prints this taxon in its table of particularly flammable endemic trees and shrubs.

Listed without a rating (216)

Corroboration (216 rows from 1 source)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

216 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.
  
  Shared row context: plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND.
  - “ignition frequency (%): 100”
    
    FLAMITS record 1463; Ignitability measurement.
  - “maximum sample temperature (°C): 539.8”
    
    FLAMITS record 1657; Combustibility measurement.
  - “burning duration (s): 38.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 1851; Sustainability measurement.
  - “estimated burnt biomass (%): 43.9”
    
    FLAMITS record 2045; Consumability measurement.
- Primary study Dimitrakopoulos2011: Dimitrakopoulos, A. P., Mitsopoulos, I. D., & Kaliva, A. (2011). Short communication. Comparing flammability traits among fire-stricken (low elevation) and non fire- stricken (high elevation) conifer forest species of Europe: a test of the Mutch hypothesis. Forest Systems, 22, 134-137.
  
  Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dimitrakopoulos2011-1; sampling summer.
  - Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement.
    - “time to flaming (s): 28.06”
      
      FLAMITS record 2985.
    - “temperature at flaming (°C): 248.25”
      
      FLAMITS record 3005.
  - “calorific value (kcal/kg): 4895.79”
    
    FLAMITS record 2995; Combustibility measurement.
- Primary study Madrigal2011a: Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., & Marino, E. (2011a). Effective Heat of Combustion for Flaming Combustion of Mediterranean Forest Fuels. Fire Technology, 47, 461-474.
  
  Shared row context: plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Madrigal2011a-1; sampling ND.
  - “flaming duration (s): 62”
    
    FLAMITS record 7338; Sustainability measurement.
  - Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement.
    - “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 375”
      
      FLAMITS record 7358.
    - “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.06”
      
      FLAMITS record 7398.
    - “total heat release (MJ/m²): 20.39”
      
      FLAMITS record 7418.
  - “time to flaming (s): 6”
    
    FLAMITS record 7378; Ignitability measurement.
- Primary study Romero2021: Romero, B., & Ganteaume, A. (2021). Effect of Fire Frequency on the Flammability of Two Mediterranean Pines: Link with Needle Terpene Content. Plants, 10, 2164.
  
  Shared row context: predrying yes; sampling september.
  - Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; device flat flame burner; site Romero2021-1.
    - “time to flaming (s): 7.09”
      
      FLAMITS record 11523.
    - “time to flaming (s): 5.91”
      
      FLAMITS record 11524.
    - “time to flaming (s): 7.58”
      
      FLAMITS record 11525.
    - “time to flaming (s): 8.13”
      
      FLAMITS record 11526.
    - “time to flaming (s): 6.55”
      
      FLAMITS record 11527.
    - “time to flaming (s): 6.11”
      
      FLAMITS record 11528.
  - Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; device flat flame burner; site Romero2021-1.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 588.11”
      
      FLAMITS record 11529.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 696.67”
      
      FLAMITS record 11530.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 564.51”
      
      FLAMITS record 11531.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 425.66”
      
      FLAMITS record 11532.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 372.31”
      
      FLAMITS record 11533.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 343.49”
      
      FLAMITS record 11534.
    - “flame height (cm): 37.36”
      
      FLAMITS record 11541.
    - “flame height (cm): 39.67”
      
      FLAMITS record 11542.
    - “flame height (cm): 34.47”
      
      FLAMITS record 11543.
    - “flame height (cm): 42.29”
      
      FLAMITS record 11544.
    - “flame height (cm): 43.16”
      
      FLAMITS record 11545.
    - “flame height (cm): 43.92”
      
      FLAMITS record 11546.
  - Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; device flat flame burner; site Romero2021-1.
    - “flaming duration (s): 18.63”
      
      FLAMITS record 11535.
    - “flaming duration (s): 16.44”
      
      FLAMITS record 11536.
    - “flaming duration (s): 18.82”
      
      FLAMITS record 11537.
    - “flaming duration (s): 19.73”
      
      FLAMITS record 11538.
    - “flaming duration (s): 19.62”
      
      FLAMITS record 11539.
    - “flaming duration (s): 18.13”
      
      FLAMITS record 11540.
  - Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; device flat flame burner; site Romero2021-2.
    - “time to flaming (s): 6.41”
      
      FLAMITS record 11547.
    - “time to flaming (s): 6.25”
      
      FLAMITS record 11548.
    - “time to flaming (s): 6.71”
      
      FLAMITS record 11549.
    - “time to flaming (s): 5.71”
      
      FLAMITS record 11550.
    - “time to flaming (s): 6.82”
      
      FLAMITS record 11551.
    - “time to flaming (s): 5.91”
      
      FLAMITS record 11552.
  - Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; device flat flame burner; site Romero2021-2.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 800.42”
      
      FLAMITS record 11553.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 705.81”
      
      FLAMITS record 11554.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 626.17”
      
      FLAMITS record 11555.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 455.14”
      
      FLAMITS record 11556.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 447.55”
      
      FLAMITS record 11557.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 462.13”
      
      FLAMITS record 11558.
    - “flame height (cm): 40.57”
      
      FLAMITS record 11565.
    - “flame height (cm): 40.3”
      
      FLAMITS record 11566.
    - “flame height (cm): 37”
      
      FLAMITS record 11567.
    - “flame height (cm): 45.58”
      
      FLAMITS record 11568.
    - “flame height (cm): 42.02”
      
      FLAMITS record 11569.
    - “flame height (cm): 48.67”
      
      FLAMITS record 11570.
  - Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; device flat flame burner; site Romero2021-2.
    - “flaming duration (s): 16.32”
      
      FLAMITS record 11559.
    - “flaming duration (s): 15.97”
      
      FLAMITS record 11560.
    - “flaming duration (s): 20.54”
      
      FLAMITS record 11561.
    - “flaming duration (s): 21.16”
      
      FLAMITS record 11562.
    - “flaming duration (s): 18.68”
      
      FLAMITS record 11563.
    - “flaming duration (s): 16.02”
      
      FLAMITS record 11564.
  - Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; device epiradiator; site Romero2021-1.
    - “time to flaming (s): 10.35”
      
      FLAMITS record 11571.
    - “time to flaming (s): 10.51”
      
      FLAMITS record 11572.
    - “time to flaming (s): 10.79”
      
      FLAMITS record 11573.
    - “time to flaming (s): 10.24”
      
      FLAMITS record 11574.
    - “time to flaming (s): 31.02”
      
      FLAMITS record 11575.
    - “time to flaming (s): 10.47”
      
      FLAMITS record 11576.
  - Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; device epiradiator; site Romero2021-1.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 890.98”
      
      FLAMITS record 11577.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 965.7”
      
      FLAMITS record 11578.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 941.56”
      
      FLAMITS record 11579.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 924.22”
      
      FLAMITS record 11580.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 942.33”
      
      FLAMITS record 11581.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 868.6”
      
      FLAMITS record 11582.
    - “flame height (cm): 84.51”
      
      FLAMITS record 11589.
    - “flame height (cm): 82.76”
      
      FLAMITS record 11590.
    - “flame height (cm): 75.09”
      
      FLAMITS record 11591.
    - “flame height (cm): 82.84”
      
      FLAMITS record 11592.
    - “flame height (cm): 86.62”
      
      FLAMITS record 11593.
    - “flame height (cm): 74.71”
      
      FLAMITS record 11594.
  - Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; device epiradiator; site Romero2021-1.
    - “flaming duration (s): 16.69”
      
      FLAMITS record 11583.
    - “flaming duration (s): 16.5”
      
      FLAMITS record 11584.
    - “flaming duration (s): 16.74”
      
      FLAMITS record 11585.
    - “flaming duration (s): 26.7”
      
      FLAMITS record 11586.
    - “flaming duration (s): 10.4”
      
      FLAMITS record 11587.
    - “flaming duration (s): 26.92”
      
      FLAMITS record 11588.
  - Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; device epiradiator; site Romero2021-2.
    - “time to flaming (s): 11.06”
      
      FLAMITS record 11595.
    - “time to flaming (s): 10.69”
      
      FLAMITS record 11596.
    - “time to flaming (s): 11.1”
      
      FLAMITS record 11597.
    - “time to flaming (s): 11.08”
      
      FLAMITS record 11598.
    - “time to flaming (s): 27.55”
      
      FLAMITS record 11599.
    - “time to flaming (s): 26.5”
      
      FLAMITS record 11600.
  - Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; device epiradiator; site Romero2021-2.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 1049.47”
      
      FLAMITS record 11601.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 1064.07”
      
      FLAMITS record 11602.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 950.33”
      
      FLAMITS record 11603.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 880.94”
      
      FLAMITS record 11604.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 875.98”
      
      FLAMITS record 11605.
    - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 934.57”
      
      FLAMITS record 11606.
    - “flame height (cm): 61.73”
      
      FLAMITS record 11613.
    - “flame height (cm): 61.36”
      
      FLAMITS record 11614.
    - “flame height (cm): 73.64”
      
      FLAMITS record 11615.
    - “flame height (cm): 72.13”
      
      FLAMITS record 11616.
    - “flame height (cm): 79.04”
      
      FLAMITS record 11617.
    - “flame height (cm): 86.67”
      
      FLAMITS record 11618.
  - Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; device epiradiator; site Romero2021-2.
    - “flaming duration (s): 16.36”
      
      FLAMITS record 11607.
    - “flaming duration (s): 16.59”
      
      FLAMITS record 11608.
    - “flaming duration (s): 17.37”
      
      FLAMITS record 11609.
    - “flaming duration (s): 16.5”
      
      FLAMITS record 11610.
    - “flaming duration (s): 10.48”
      
      FLAMITS record 11611.
    - “flaming duration (s): 9.98”
      
      FLAMITS record 11612.
- Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on fire safety. Melbourne, Australia.
  
  Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring.
  - Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement.
    - “time to flaming (s): 140”
      
      FLAMITS record 14102.
    - “time to flaming (s): 155”
      
      FLAMITS record 14103.
    - “time to flaming (s): 235”
      
      FLAMITS record 14104.
  - Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement.
    - “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 77.2”
      
      FLAMITS record 14113.
    - “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 135.2”
      
      FLAMITS record 14114.
    - “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 84.3”
      
      FLAMITS record 14115.
    - “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1600”
      
      FLAMITS record 14124.
    - “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1385”
      
      FLAMITS record 14125.
    - “calorific value (kcal/kg): 1409”
      
      FLAMITS record 14126.
- Primary study Zhao2019: Zhao, W., van Logtestijn, R. S., van Hal, J. R., Dong, M., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2019). Non-additive effects of leaf and twig mixtures from different tree species on experimental litter-bed flammability. Plant and Soil, 436, 311-324.
  
  Shared row context: fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Zhao2019-1; sampling november.
  - “burning duration (s): 86.58”
    
    FLAMITS record 14741; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves.
  - “burning duration (s): 277.16”
    
    FLAMITS record 14742; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs.
  - Shared measurement context: Consumability measurement; plant part leaves.
    - “burnt biomass (%): 19”
      
      FLAMITS record 14749.
    - “burnt biomass (%): 99.12”
      
      FLAMITS record 14757.
  - Shared measurement context: Consumability measurement; plant part twigs.
    - “burnt biomass (%): 24”
      
      FLAMITS record 14750.
    - “burnt biomass (%): 99.22”
      
      FLAMITS record 14758.
- Primary study Zhang2022: Zhang, S., Cornwell, W. K., Zhao, W., van Logtestijn, R. S., Krab, E. J., Aerts, R., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2022). Experimental evidence that leaf litter decomposability and flammability are decoupled across gymnosperm species. Journal of Ecology, 111, 761-772.
  
  Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Zhang2022-1; sampling january and march 2011.
  - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 611.32”
    
    FLAMITS record 15572; Combustibility measurement.
  - “flaming duration (s): 2.25”
    
    FLAMITS record 15613; Sustainability measurement.
- Primary study Blauw2017: Blauw, L. G., van Logtestijn, R. S. P., Broekman, R., Aerts, R., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2017). (Tree species identity in high-latitude forests determines fire spread through fuel ladders from branches to soil and vice versa. Forest Ecology and Management 400, 475-484.
  
  Shared row context: Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Blauw2017-1; sampling ND.
  - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 734.92”
    
    FLAMITS record 17147.
  - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 691.42”
    
    FLAMITS record 17150.
  - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 655.41”
    
    FLAMITS record 17153.
  - “maximum flame temperature (°C): 765.21”
    
    FLAMITS record 17156.
  - “temperature increase rate (°C/s): 117.16”
    
    FLAMITS record 17159.
  - “temperature increase rate (°C/s): 77.45”
    
    FLAMITS record 17162.
- Primary study Matvienko2018: Matvienko, O. V., Kasymov, D. P., Filkov, A. I., Daneyko, O. I., & Gorbatov, D. A. (2018). Simulation of fuel bed ignition by wildland firebrands. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27, 550.
  
  Shared row context: Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Matvienko2018-1; sampling ND.
  - “time to flaming (s): 29.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18185.
  - “time to flaming (s): 16.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18186.
  - “time to flaming (s): 35.4”
    
    FLAMITS record 18187.
  - “time to flaming (s): 2.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18188.
  - “time to flaming (s): 41.1”
    
    FLAMITS record 18189.
  - “time to flaming (s): 27.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18190.
  - “time to flaming (s): 20”
    
    FLAMITS record 18191.
  - “time to flaming (s): 23”
    
    FLAMITS record 18192.
  - “time to flaming (s): 61.1”
    
    FLAMITS record 18193.
  - “time to flaming (s): 39.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18194.
  - “time to flaming (s): 22.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18195.
  - “time to flaming (s): 17”
    
    FLAMITS record 18196.
  - “time to flaming (s): 40.5”
    
    FLAMITS record 18197.
  - “time to flaming (s): 29.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18198.
  - “time to flaming (s): 24.6”
    
    FLAMITS record 18199.
  - “time to flaming (s): 19.2”
    
    FLAMITS record 18200.
  - “time to flaming (s): 16”
    
    FLAMITS record 18201.
  - “time to flaming (s): 10.33”
    
    FLAMITS record 18202.
  - “time to flaming (s): 7.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18203.
  - “time to flaming (s): 88.5”
    
    FLAMITS record 18204.
  - “time to flaming (s): 58.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18205.
  - “time to flaming (s): 22.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18206.
  - “time to flaming (s): 22.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18207.
  - “time to flaming (s): 19.4”
    
    FLAMITS record 18208.
  - “time to flaming (s): 15.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18209.
  - “time to flaming (s): 87.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18210.
  - “time to flaming (s): 54.2”
    
    FLAMITS record 18211.
  - “time to flaming (s): 41.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18212.
  - “time to flaming (s): 42”
    
    FLAMITS record 18213.
  - “time to flaming (s): 37.4”
    
    FLAMITS record 18214.
  - “time to flaming (s): 23.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18215.
  - “time to flaming (s): 16.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18216.
  - “time to flaming (s): 15.1”
    
    FLAMITS record 18217.
  - “time to flaming (s): 10.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18218.
  - “time to flaming (s): 13.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18219.
  - “time to flaming (s): 8”
    
    FLAMITS record 18220.
  - “time to flaming (s): 3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18221.
  - “time to flaming (s): 37.2”
    
    FLAMITS record 18222.
  - “time to flaming (s): 27.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18223.
  - “time to flaming (s): 19.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18224.
  - “time to flaming (s): 18.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18225.
  - “time to flaming (s): 21.4”
    
    FLAMITS record 18226.
  - “time to flaming (s): 13.7”
    
    FLAMITS record 18227.
  - “time to flaming (s): 12”
    
    FLAMITS record 18228.
  - “time to flaming (s): 66.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18229.
  - “time to flaming (s): 37.4”
    
    FLAMITS record 18230.
  - “time to flaming (s): 34.3”
    
    FLAMITS record 18231.
  - “time to flaming (s): 6.2”
    
    FLAMITS record 18232.
  - “time to flaming (s): 18”
    
    FLAMITS record 18233.
- Primary study Yang2023: Yang, W., Bakar, B. A., Mamat, H., Gong, L., & Nursyamsi, N. (2023). A Laboratory-Scale Study of Selected Chinese Typical Flammable Wildland Timbers Ignition Formation Mechanism. Fire, 6, 20
  
  Shared row context: plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Yang2023-1; sampling ND.
  - Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement.
    - “time to flaming (s): 192”
      
      FLAMITS record 19571.
    - “time to flaming (s): 357”
      
      FLAMITS record 19572.
    - “time to flaming (s): 703”
      
      FLAMITS record 19573.
    - “time to flaming (s): 34”
      
      FLAMITS record 19574.
    - “time to flaming (s): 71”
      
      FLAMITS record 19575.
    - “time to flaming (s): 65”
      
      FLAMITS record 19576.
    - “time to flaming (s): 24”
      
      FLAMITS record 19577.
    - “time to flaming (s): 25”
      
      FLAMITS record 19578.
    - “time to flaming (s): 31”
      
      FLAMITS record 19579.
  - Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement.
    - “energy flux (kW/m²): 160.21”
      
      FLAMITS record 19634.
    - “energy flux (kW/m²): 162.36”
      
      FLAMITS record 19635.
    - “energy flux (kW/m²): 131.83”
      
      FLAMITS record 19636.
    - “energy flux (kW/m²): 182.8”
      
      FLAMITS record 19637.
    - “energy flux (kW/m²): 169.59”
      
      FLAMITS record 19638.
    - “energy flux (kW/m²): 158.48”
      
      FLAMITS record 19639.
    - “energy flux (kW/m²): 176.68”
      
      FLAMITS record 19640.
    - “energy flux (kW/m²): 190.81”
      
      FLAMITS record 19641.
    - “energy flux (kW/m²): 200.75”
      
      FLAMITS record 19642.
    - “mass loss rate (g/s): 14.09”
      
      FLAMITS record 19697.
    - “mass loss rate (g/s): 14.32”
      
      FLAMITS record 19698.
    - “mass loss rate (g/s): 14.83”
      
      FLAMITS record 19699.
    - “mass loss rate (g/s): 13.89”
      
      FLAMITS record 19700.
    - “mass loss rate (g/s): 14.12”
      
      FLAMITS record 19701.
    - “mass loss rate (g/s): 13.62”
      
      FLAMITS record 19702.
    - “mass loss rate (g/s): 7.88”
      
      FLAMITS record 19703.
    - “mass loss rate (g/s): 12.23”
      
      FLAMITS record 19704.
    - “mass loss rate (g/s): 13.97”
      
      FLAMITS record 19705.
  - Shared measurement context: Sustainability measurement.
    - “flaming duration (s): 1443.3”
      
      FLAMITS record 19760.
    - “flaming duration (s): 1616.7”
      
      FLAMITS record 19761.
    - “flaming duration (s): 1950”
      
      FLAMITS record 19762.
    - “flaming duration (s): 1153”
      
      FLAMITS record 19763.
    - “flaming duration (s): 1090”
      
      FLAMITS record 19764.
    - “flaming duration (s): 1406.3”
      
      FLAMITS record 19765.
    - “flaming duration (s): 868.3”
      
      FLAMITS record 19766.
    - “flaming duration (s): 981.7”
      
      FLAMITS record 19767.
    - “flaming duration (s): 1004.7”
      
      FLAMITS record 19768.

Fire-resistant trees instead

northern red oak
Quercus rubra

American basswood
Tilia americana

red maple
Acer rubrum

black cherry
Prunus serotina

white oak
Quercus alba

white ash
Fraxinus americana

Fire-resistant trees listed above

Last verified 2026-08-23. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF · iNaturalist · Wikidata · Wikipedia · ITIS

Pinus sylvestris (Scot's pine). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/pinus-sylvestris/. Last verified 2026-08-23.

1. Fire evidence and conditions

2. Why this plant is relevant here

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Native and introduced range evidence

0

6

0

Plant hardiness evidence

Conditions in the fire evidence

Where its sources say to plant it

The evidence

Avoids (6)

Related plants

Fire-resistant trees instead