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Carob

Ceratonia siliqua · Fabaceae

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Separate evidence questions, never one approval badge

Set a ZIP to compare this record with state distribution, native range, USDA hardiness, and invasive records.

A genus split is not a placement verdict. Set a ZIP to read the local documented split.

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: 2 conditions stated in cited fire-evidence rows.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 6 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: California; Catalonia, Spain; Córdoba, southern Spain; Global; Greece; Israel; Marin County, California; Tlemcen, western Algeria; Turkey; Valencia, Spain / western Mediterranean
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

Typed publication scope: 1 scope across 1 cited fire source

Fire-Resistant Plants Common to Marin County · Official scoped edition
- Marin County (CA footprint); partial normalized coverage · 2019-01-01
  The publication is explicitly limited to plants common to Marin County. FireApproved publishes 104 exact owners as Marin regional context while retaining its placement, spacing, irrigation, and maintenance boundary. It is not statewide California guidance or parcel suitability.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: Documented in AZ, CA, PA.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: 2 sourced range or established records; set a location to match them. This is not an invasive warning.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

Documented conflict. Curated sources lean toward recommending it (Valencia's low-flammability guide, Landscape for Fire Protection and Guía de pirojardinería), but direct fire evidence disagrees (The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation im… and The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the a…). Lab and field results are never outvoted by curation here — read both sides below and treat it conservatively near structures.

▲ Valencia's low-flammability guide ▲ Landscape for Fire Protection ▲ Guía de pirojardinería ▼ The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation im… · fire-tested ▼ The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the a… · fire-tested

Computed class: Mixed evidence (disputed) — derived from the cited evidence by a published rule, never hand-assigned. Each chip above is one independent primary-evidence lineage and its direction. No plant is fireproof; condition and placement govern. Zone 0 is hardscape regardless.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) — Photo: (c) zebedeugalinha, some rights reserved (CC BY) (CC BY), via iNaturalist. Species-typical, not necessarily this cultivar.

Form: tree
Grows in: AZ, CA, PA
Rated in: California; Catalonia, Spain; Córdoba, southern Spain; Global +6
Family: Fabaceae
Evidence: 88 cited sources

Native and introduced range evidence

These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval. Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.

Current native

0

exact source areas

Current introduced

1

exact source area

Qualified

0

doubtful or extinct source rows

1 introduced source area · World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 16 v16, as of 2026-06-04

California (CA)

The lossless worldwide derivative is retained once in the research corpus; object pages repeat only exact U.S. areas needed by the local lens. The JSON twin carries the same page assertions.

Conditions in the fire evidence

These describe tested or rated plant material. They are not horticultural maintenance instructions.

green: The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the WUI evidence row, Landscape for Fire Protection evidence row, The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria) evidence row
irrigated: Fire-Resistant Plants Common to Marin County evidence row

Where its sources say to plant it

Placement rules below use each source's own distances or named zones, tied to its rating. They are not interchangeable with the directory's current Zone 0 guidance.

Landscape for Fire Protection: irrigated hillsides [maire-1968-fire-protection-landscape] (with its recommendation)
Guía de pirojardinería: suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone [girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability] (with its recommendation)
The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the a…: Table 1 [henaoui-2013-fresh-material-flammability] (with its avoid rating)
Κανονισμός Πυροπροστασίας Ακινήτων εντός ή πλησίον δασικώ…: section 5.4.2, Table 2δi [greece-2023-particularly-flammable] (with its avoid rating)
Yanan Orman Alanlarının Rehabilitasyonu ve Yangına Direnç…: Temel prensipler; Yangın önleyici tesisler [yardop-6976-operational-fire-resistant-planting] (with its recommendation)
השרפה בהרי יהודה – 2021: ניתוח: recommendations, treatment of public-use forest areas [judean-hills-2021-less-flammable-than-pine] (with its recommendation)

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Recommends (6)

Jardinería de baja inflamabilidad para las zonas de interfaz urbano-forestal — Generalitat Valenciana · 2019 · original source Primary evidence Expert-curated

“recommended low-flammability species (trees, native/forest column)”

Source wording: “especies recomendadas”
Fire-Resistant Plants Common to Marin County — Fire Safe Marin · 2019 · original source Corroboration Expert-curated lineage: partially-independent

“listed as fire-resistant” · condition: irrigated

Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among fire-resistant plants common to Marin County.
Landscape for Fire Protection — University of California Agricultural Extension Service · AXT-254 · original source Primary evidence Expert-curated lineage: la-arboretum-tree

“PLANTS FOR FIRE PROTECTION” · condition: green

Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) appears in the source's conditioned examples for landscaping irrigated hillsides. Fuel volume is to be minimized, plants watered to their needs, and accumulated litter removed.
Guía de pirojardinería — guía práctica de jardinería adaptada a la prevención de incendios forestales — Diputació de Girona and Bombers de la Generalitat de Catalunya · 2020 Spanish edition · original source Primary evidence Expert-curated lineage: elvira-hernando-1989 + cooperem-tree

“MUY RECOMENDADA”

Ceratonia siliqua is rated “MUY RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.
Yanan Orman Alanlarının Rehabilitasyonu ve Yangına Dirençli Ormanlar Tesisi Projesi — 6976 Sayılı YARDOP Tamimi — Orman Genel Müdürlüğü · Circular 6976 · original source Corroboration Regulation lineage: ogm-yardop-6976

“yangına dirençli olduğu tecrübe edilmiş harnup”

The YARDOP circular directs managers to preserve, encourage, or use this named taxon in fire-resistant or slow-burning forest and fire-prevention plantings.
השרפה בהרי יהודה – 2021: ניתוח, תובנות והמלצות — Ecology and Environment / ISEES · Ecology and Environment 12(4) · original source Corroboration Expert-curated lineage: isees-judean-hills-2021-analysis

“מיני עצים דליקים פחות מאורנים, כדוגמת — Ceratonia silique”

The authors name this exact species as an example of a tree less flammable than pines for high, shading groves in public-use forest areas and their access roads. Printed-name correction used for exact matching: Ceratonia silique -> Ceratonia siliqua.

Avoids (3)

The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the WUI — Landscape and Urban Planning (Molina, Martín, Rodríguez y Silva & Herrera) · 2017 · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: molina-uco-tree

“Extremely flammable (Valette 5)” · score 5 (valette-0-5-live-leaf) · condition: green

Table 2 reports 132.2% foliar moisture, 10.86 s mean time to ignition, and 8.42 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.
The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria) — European Scientific Journal · European Scientific Journal 9(29) · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: valette-1990

“High flammability — note 3” · score 3 (henaoui-2013-flammability-note-1-3) · condition: green · original source

Table 1 classifies Ceratonia siliqua at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.
Κανονισμός Πυροπροστασίας Ακινήτων εντός ή πλησίον δασικών εκτάσεων — Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy · FEK B 3475/2023 · original source Corroboration Regulation

“ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΕΥΦΛΕΚΤΑ ΕΝΔΗΜΙΚΑ ΦΥΤΑ — Ceratonia siliqua”

The regulation prints this taxon in its table of particularly flammable endemic trees and shrubs.

Listed without a rating (79)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

79 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “time to flaming (s): 15” · score 15 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 371; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 9.1” · score 9.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 372; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.1” · score 7.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 373; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.1” · score 4.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 374; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.4” · score 3.4 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 375; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.9” · score 4.9 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 376; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 3” · score 3 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 377; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.9” · score 1.9 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 378; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 1” · score 1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 379; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 14.3” · score 14.3 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 380; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.4” · score 7.4 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 381; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 5.4” · score 5.4 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 382; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.1” · score 4.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 383; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 27.67” · score 27.67 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 384; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 6.8” · score 6.8 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 385; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 6.7” · score 6.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 386; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.3” · score 3.3 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 387; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 24.5” · score 24.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 388; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.5” · score 3.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 389; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.12” · score 3.12 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 390; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.8” · score 1.8 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 391; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 12” · score 12 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 392; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 8.5” · score 8.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 393; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.2” · score 7.2 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 394; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.7” · score 4.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 395; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.7” · score 7.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 396; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 6” · score 6 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 397; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.5” · score 3.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 398; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.1” · score 3.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 399; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.7” · score 2.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 400; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 1” · score 1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 401; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 11.9” · score 11.9 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 402; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 11.3” · score 11.3 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 403; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 6.7” · score 6.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 404; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.9” · score 3.9 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 405; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.6” · score 3.6 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 406; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.8” · score 7.8 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 407; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 23” · score 23 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 408; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 11” · score 11 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 409; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 8.6” · score 8.6 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 410; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.8” · score 7.8 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 411; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 5.1” · score 5.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 412; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.1” · score 4.1 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 413; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 11” · score 11 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 414; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.6” · score 4.6 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 415; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 6.5” · score 6.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 416; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.5” · score 2.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 417; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.9” · score 1.9 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 418; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 11.5” · score 11.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 419; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 10” · score 10 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 420; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 8.5” · score 8.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 421; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 6” · score 6 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 422; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “time to flaming (s): 14” · score 14 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 423; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.
- “flammability value: 9.4” · score 9.4 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 3305; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Essaghi2017-2; sampling january. Primary study Essaghi2017: Essaghi, S., Hachmi, M. H., Yessef, M., Dehhaoui, M., & El Amarty, F. (2017). Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index. Forests, 8, 443.
- “flammability value: 14.85” · score 14.85 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 3318; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Essaghi2017-2; sampling january. Primary study Essaghi2017: Essaghi, S., Hachmi, M. H., Yessef, M., Dehhaoui, M., & El Amarty, F. (2017). Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index. Forests, 8, 443.
- “flame height (cm): 36.2” · score 36.2 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 4877; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “time to flaming (s): 39.97” · score 39.97 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4915; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “burning duration (s): 137.81” · score 137.81 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4953; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.
- “time to flaming (s): 14.75” · score 14.75 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5556; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 556.2” · score 556.2 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 5564; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 419.2” · score 419.2 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 5572; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.
- “flaming duration (s): 32.7” · score 32.7 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5580; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.
- “burning duration (s): 47.45” · score 47.45 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5588; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 559.8” · score 559.8 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 5596; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-1; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 416.85” · score 416.85 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 5602; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-1; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.
- “time to flaming (s): 15.98” · score 15.98 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5610; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-2; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.
- “time to flaming (s): 15.56” · score 15.56 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5611; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-3; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.
- “flaming duration (s): 28.29” · score 28.29 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5626; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-2; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.
- “flaming duration (s): 33.63” · score 33.63 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5627; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-3; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.
- “burning duration (s): 44.12” · score 44.12 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5642; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-2; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.
- “burning duration (s): 48.86” · score 48.86 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5643; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-3; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & panjol, . (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.
- “time to flaming (s): 10.86” · score 10.86 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 9293; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.
- “flaming duration (s): 8.42” · score 8.42 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 9311; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.
- “flammability value: 5” · score 5 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 9329; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 344.9” · score 344.9 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 16650; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.
- “time to flaming (s): 22.7” · score 22.7 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 16651; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.
- “flame height (cm): 52.7” · score 52.7 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 16652; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.
- “burning duration (s): 12.5” · score 12.5 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 16653; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.
- “burnt biomass (%): 8.1” · score 8.1 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 16654; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.

Fire-resistant trees instead

Quaking aspen
Populus tremuloides

Lombardy poplar
Populus nigra 'Italica'

Boxelder
Acer negundo

Thornless honeylocust
Gleditsia triacanthos

Lacebark elm
Ulmus parvifolia

Smooth sumac
Rhus glabra

Fire-resistant trees listed above

Last verified 2026-08-23. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF · iNaturalist · Wikidata · ITIS

Ceratonia siliqua (Carob). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/ceratonia-siliqua/. Last verified 2026-08-23.