{"id":"ceratonia-siliqua","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Ceratonia siliqua","commonNames":["Carob"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Ceratonia siliqua","family":"Fabaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"CESI3","gbifKey":5356354,"itisTsn":26531,"wikidataQid":"Q68763","inatTaxonId":82742},"states":["AZ","CA","PA"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae7060","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Ceratonia siliqua","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021aeu), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CESI3"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/ceratonia-siliqua.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/468465173","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/260823803","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) zebedeugalinha, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"gva-valencia","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"recommended low-flammability species (trees, native/forest column)","claimOriginal":"especies recomendadas","edition":"2019","url":"https://www.leliana.es/sites/www.leliana.es/files/files/Jardineria%20de%20baja%20inflamabilidad.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firesafe-marin","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"listed as fire-resistant","claims":"Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among fire-resistant plants common to Marin County.","condition":"irrigated","edition":"2019","url":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"molina-2017-ignition-index","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Extremely flammable (Valette 5)","score":{"value":5,"scale":"valette-0-5-live-leaf"},"claims":"Table 2 reports 132.2% foliar moisture, 10.86 s mean time to ignition, and 8.42 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.","plantPart":"leaf","condition":"green","edition":"2017","url":"https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/10396/27022/3/","documentDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"maire-1962-landscape-to-prevent-fire","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"PLANTS FOR FIRE PROTECTION","claims":"Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) appears in the source's conditioned examples for landscaping irrigated hillsides. Fuel volume is to be minimized, plants watered to their needs, and accumulated litter removed.","plantPart":"whole-plant","condition":"green","sourcePlacement":{"value":"irrigated hillsides","scheme":"maire-1968-fire-protection-landscape"},"edition":"AXT-254","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d02962519x","documentDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"MUY RECOMENDADA","claims":"Ceratonia siliqua is rated “MUY RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"henaoui-cistus-tlemcen","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High flammability — note 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"henaoui-2013-flammability-note-1-3"},"claims":"Table 1 classifies Ceratonia siliqua at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.","condition":"green","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Table 1","scheme":"henaoui-2013-fresh-material-flammability"},"edition":"European Scientific Journal 9(29)","url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/1917/1917/0","documentDate":"2013-10-30T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 15","score":{"value":15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 371; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 9.1","score":{"value":9.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 372; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.1","score":{"value":7.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 373; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.1","score":{"value":4.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 374; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.4","score":{"value":3.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 375; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.9","score":{"value":4.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 376; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 377; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.9","score":{"value":1.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 378; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1","score":{"value":1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 379; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 14.3","score":{"value":14.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 380; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.4","score":{"value":7.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 381; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.4","score":{"value":5.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 382; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.1","score":{"value":4.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 383; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27.67","score":{"value":27.67,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 384; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.8","score":{"value":6.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 385; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.7","score":{"value":6.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 386; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.3","score":{"value":3.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 387; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 24.5","score":{"value":24.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 388; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.5","score":{"value":3.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 389; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.12","score":{"value":3.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 390; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.8","score":{"value":1.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 391; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12","score":{"value":12,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 392; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.5","score":{"value":8.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 393; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.2","score":{"value":7.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 394; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.7","score":{"value":4.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 395; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.7","score":{"value":7.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 396; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6","score":{"value":6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 397; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.5","score":{"value":3.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 398; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.1","score":{"value":3.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 399; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.7","score":{"value":2.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 400; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1","score":{"value":1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 401; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11.9","score":{"value":11.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 402; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11.3","score":{"value":11.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 403; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.7","score":{"value":6.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 404; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.9","score":{"value":3.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 405; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.6","score":{"value":3.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 406; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.8","score":{"value":7.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 407; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling april. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 23","score":{"value":23,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 408; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11","score":{"value":11,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 409; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.6","score":{"value":8.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 410; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.8","score":{"value":7.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 411; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.1","score":{"value":5.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 412; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.1","score":{"value":4.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 413; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11","score":{"value":11,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 414; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.6","score":{"value":4.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 415; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.5","score":{"value":6.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 416; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.5","score":{"value":2.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 417; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 1.9","score":{"value":1.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 418; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 11.5","score":{"value":11.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 419; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10","score":{"value":10,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 420; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.5","score":{"value":8.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 421; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6","score":{"value":6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 422; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 14","score":{"value":14,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 423; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Arianoutsou1980-1; sampling august. Primary study Arianoutsou1980: Arianoutsou, M., Diamantopoulus, J., & Margaris, N.S. (1980). Fire behaviour of Ceratonia siliqua. Portugaliae Acta Biologica, 16, 67-74.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Arianoutsou1980","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 9.4","score":{"value":9.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3305; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Essaghi2017-2; sampling january. Primary study Essaghi2017: Essaghi, S., Hachmi, M. H., Yessef, M., Dehhaoui, M., & El Amarty, F. (2017). Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index. Forests, 8, 443.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Essaghi2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 14.85","score":{"value":14.85,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3318; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Essaghi2017-2; sampling january. Primary study Essaghi2017: Essaghi, S., Hachmi, M. H., Yessef, M., Dehhaoui, M., & El Amarty, F. (2017). Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index. Forests, 8, 443.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Essaghi2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 36.2","score":{"value":36.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4877; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 39.97","score":{"value":39.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4915; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 137.81","score":{"value":137.81,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4953; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 14.75","score":{"value":14.75,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5556; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 556.2","score":{"value":556.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5564; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 419.2","score":{"value":419.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5572; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 32.7","score":{"value":32.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5580; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 47.45","score":{"value":47.45,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5588; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2014-1; sampling may. Primary study Kauf2014: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2014). Testing Vegetation Flammability: The Problem of Extremely Low Ignition Frequency and Overall Flammability Score. Journal of Combustion, 2014, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 559.8","score":{"value":559.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5596; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-1; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 416.85","score":{"value":416.85,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5602; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-1; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 15.98","score":{"value":15.98,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5610; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-2; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 15.56","score":{"value":15.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5611; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-3; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 28.29","score":{"value":28.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5626; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-2; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 33.63","score":{"value":33.63,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5627; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-3; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 44.12","score":{"value":44.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5642; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-2; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 48.86","score":{"value":48.86,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5643; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Kauf2015-3; sampling may, july, september and october. Primary study Kauf2015: Kauf, Z., Fangmeier, A., Rosavec, R., & Španjol, Ž. (2015). Seasonal and local differences in leaf litter flammability of six Mediterranean tree species. environmental management, 55, 687-701.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kauf2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 10.86","score":{"value":10.86,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9293; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 8.42","score":{"value":8.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9311; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9329; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 344.9","score":{"value":344.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16650; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guney2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 22.7","score":{"value":22.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16651; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guney2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 52.7","score":{"value":52.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16652; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guney2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 12.5","score":{"value":12.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16653; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guney2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 8.1","score":{"value":8.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16654; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Guney2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"greece-property-fire-regulation-2023","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΕΥΦΛΕΚΤΑ ΕΝΔΗΜΙΚΑ ΦΥΤΑ — Ceratonia siliqua","claims":"The regulation prints this taxon in its table of particularly flammable endemic trees and shrubs.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"section 5.4.2, Table 2δi","scheme":"greece-2023-particularly-flammable"},"edition":"FEK B 3475/2023","url":"https://www.elinyae.gr/ethniki-nomothesia/ya-oik-ypendaoka5590420192023-fek-3475b-2452023","documentDate":"2023-05-24T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ogm-yardop-circulars","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"yangına dirençli olduğu tecrübe edilmiş harnup","claims":"The YARDOP circular directs managers to preserve, encourage, or use this named taxon in fire-resistant or slow-burning forest and fire-prevention plantings.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Temel prensipler; Yangın önleyici tesisler","scheme":"yardop-6976-operational-fire-resistant-planting"},"edition":"Circular 6976","url":"https://www.lexpera.com.tr/resmi-gazete/metin/yanan-orman-alanlarinin-rehabilitasyonu-ve-yangina-direncli-ormanlar-tesisi-projesi-20140915-2","documentDate":"2014-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"isees-2021-judean-hills","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"מיני עצים דליקים פחות מאורנים, כדוגמת — Ceratonia silique","claims":"The authors name this exact species as an example of a tree less flammable than pines for high, shading groves in public-use forest areas and their access roads. Printed-name correction used for exact matching: Ceratonia silique -> Ceratonia siliqua.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"recommendations, treatment of public-use forest areas","scheme":"judean-hills-2021-less-flammable-than-pine"},"edition":"Ecology and Environment 12(4)","url":"https://magazine.isees.org.il/?p=38821","documentDate":"2022-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"disputed","recommendation":"conflict","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AZ","CA","PA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AZ","CA","PA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae7060","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Ceratonia siliqua","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021aeu), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CESI3"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"conflict","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"firesafe-marin","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Plants Common to Marin County","sourceUrl":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["Marin County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The publication is explicitly limited to plants common to Marin County. FireApproved publishes 104 exact owners as Marin regional context while retaining its placement, spacing, irrigation, and maintenance boundary. It is not statewide California guidance or parcel suitability.","sourceVersion":"Fire-Safe-Marin-plant-list-2019","asOf":"2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"molina-2017-ignition-index","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/10396/27022/3/","claims":"Table 2 reports 132.2% foliar moisture, 10.86 s mean time to ignition, and 8.42 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.","evidenceIndex":2},{"source":"maire-1962-landscape-to-prevent-fire","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d02962519x","claims":"Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) appears in the source's conditioned examples for landscaping irrigated hillsides. Fuel volume is to be minimized, plants watered to their needs, and accumulated litter removed.","evidenceIndex":3},{"source":"henaoui-cistus-tlemcen","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/1917/1917/0","claims":"Table 1 classifies Ceratonia siliqua at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.","evidenceIndex":5}]},{"condition":"irrigated","evidence":[{"source":"firesafe-marin","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://firesafemarin.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/FIRESafe-MARIN_plant-list_2019.pdf","claims":"Fire Safe Marin lists this taxon among fire-resistant plants common to Marin County.","evidenceIndex":1}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}