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Phillyrea latifolia

Phyllirea latifolia (accepted: Phillyrea latifolia) · Oleaceae

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1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Highly flammable — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: No test or rating condition is normalized.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 2 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Catalonia, Spain; Global; Greece; Mediterranean France / Provence
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: No state distribution is normalized.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: No introduced or established row is normalized; that does not prove native status.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Phillyrea latifolia (Phyllirea latifolia) — Photo: (c) Daniel Cahen, some rights reserved (CC BY) (CC BY), via iNaturalist. Species-typical, not necessarily this cultivar.

Form: shrub
Region: Croatia; France; Greece; Mediterranean France; Spain; Turkey
Rated in: Catalonia, Spain; Global; Greece; Mediterranean France / Provence
Family: Oleaceae
Evidence: 65 cited sources

Where its sources say to plant it

Placement rules below use each source's own distances or named zones, tied to its rating. They are not interchangeable with the directory's current Zone 0 guidance.

Guía de pirojardinería: not suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone [girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability] (with its avoid rating)
Κανονισμός Πυροπροστασίας Ακινήτων εντός ή πλησίον δασικώ…: section 5.4.2, Table 2δi [greece-2023-particularly-flammable] (with its avoid rating)

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Avoids (3)

Inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes (Valette 1990) — INRA Station de Sylviculture méditerranéenne, Avignon (Revue Forestière Française XLII) · 1990 · original source Primary evidence Lab-tested lineage: inra-tree

“INRA inflammability note 5 of 5 (July-September maximum)” · score 5 (inra-0-5)

Monthly inflammability notes May-April: 0, 2, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 (epiradiator tests, INRA Avignon).

Source wording: “extrêmement inflammable”
Guía de pirojardinería — guía práctica de jardinería adaptada a la prevención de incendios forestales — Diputació de Girona and Bombers de la Generalitat de Catalunya · 2020 Spanish edition · original source Primary evidence Expert-curated lineage: elvira-hernando-1989 + cooperem-tree

“MUY DESACONSEJADA”

Phillyrea latifolia is rated “MUY DESACONSEJADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.
Κανονισμός Πυροπροστασίας Ακινήτων εντός ή πλησίον δασικών εκτάσεων — Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy · FEK B 3475/2023 · original source Corroboration Regulation

“ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΕΥΦΛΕΚΤΑ ΕΝΔΗΜΙΚΑ ΦΥΤΑ — Phillyrea latifolia”

The regulation prints this taxon in its table of particularly flammable endemic trees and shrubs.

Listed without a rating (62)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

62 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 405.08” · score 405.08 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 87; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling november. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 422.11” · score 422.11 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 88; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling january. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 367.64” · score 367.64 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 89; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling may. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 429.18” · score 429.18 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 90; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling june. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 418.48” · score 418.48 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 91; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling july. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “time to flaming (s): 415.28” · score 415.28 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 97; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling november. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “time to flaming (s): 416.35” · score 416.35 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 98; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling january. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “time to flaming (s): 306.5” · score 306.5 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 99; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling may. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “time to flaming (s): 281.54” · score 281.54 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 100; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling june. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “time to flaming (s): 294.58” · score 294.58 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 101; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling july. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “temperature at smouldering (°C): 374.08” · score 374.08 (FLAMITS — temperature at smouldering (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 122; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling november. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “temperature at smouldering (°C): 419.47” · score 419.47 (FLAMITS — temperature at smouldering (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 123; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling january. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “temperature at smouldering (°C): 361.37” · score 361.37 (FLAMITS — temperature at smouldering (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 124; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling may. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “temperature at smouldering (°C): 434.62” · score 434.62 (FLAMITS — temperature at smouldering (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 125; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling june. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “temperature at smouldering (°C): 409.4” · score 409.4 (FLAMITS — temperature at smouldering (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 126; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling july. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “smouldering duration (s): 341.05” · score 341.05 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 142; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling november. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “smouldering duration (s): 334.39” · score 334.39 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 143; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling january. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “smouldering duration (s): 264.86” · score 264.86 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 144; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling may. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “smouldering duration (s): 250.59” · score 250.59 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 145; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling june. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “smouldering duration (s): 253.47” · score 253.47 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 146; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Alessio2008a-1; sampling july. Primary study Alessio2008b: Alessio, G. A., Peñuelas, J., Llusià, J., Ogaya, R., Estiarte, M., & De Lillis, M. (2008). Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 17, 274.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 4870.07” · score 4870.07 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 3946; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Gillon1997-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Gillon1997: Gillon, D., Hernando, C., Valette, J.-C., & Joffre, R. (1997). Fast estimation of the calorific values of forest fuels by near infrared-reflectance spectroscopy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 760-765.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 4098” · score 4098 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 6746; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Liodakis2006b-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liodakis2006b: Liodakis, S., & Kakardakis, T. (2006b). Measuring the Particle Flammability of Forest Species from Wildland/Urban Inter-face (WUI) near Athens by Thermal Analysis. First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area. Corte-Ajaccio, France
- “time to flaming (s): 1596” · score 1596 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6752; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Liodakis2006b-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liodakis2006b: Liodakis, S., & Kakardakis, T. (2006b). Measuring the Particle Flammability of Forest Species from Wildland/Urban Inter-face (WUI) near Athens by Thermal Analysis. First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area. Corte-Ajaccio, France
- “maximum sample temperature (°C): 301.4” · score 301.4 (FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 6759; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Liodakis2006b-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liodakis2006b: Liodakis, S., & Kakardakis, T. (2006b). Measuring the Particle Flammability of Forest Species from Wildland/Urban Inter-face (WUI) near Athens by Thermal Analysis. First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area. Corte-Ajaccio, France
- “burning duration (s): 366” · score 366 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6766; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Liodakis2006b-1; sampling ND. Primary study Liodakis2006b: Liodakis, S., & Kakardakis, T. (2006b). Measuring the Particle Flammability of Forest Species from Wildland/Urban Inter-face (WUI) near Athens by Thermal Analysis. First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area. Corte-Ajaccio, France
- “time to flaming (s): 6.33” · score 6.33 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6888; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flame intensity (kW/m): 69.78” · score 69.78 (FLAMITS — flame intensity (kW/m))
  
  FLAMITS record 6894; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flaming duration (s): 163.2” · score 163.2 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6900; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “burnt biomass (%): 78.39” · score 78.39 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 6906; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.08” · score 0.08 (FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6912; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flame height (cm): 8.92” · score 8.92 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 6918; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “time to flaming (s): 5.21” · score 5.21 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6925; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.13” · score 0.13 (FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6931; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flaming duration (s): 186.6” · score 186.6 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6937; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flame height (cm): 7.9” · score 7.9 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 6943; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flame intensity (kW/m): 321.11” · score 321.11 (FLAMITS — flame intensity (kW/m))
  
  FLAMITS record 6949; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “burnt biomass (%): 92.89” · score 92.89 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 6955; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “time to flaming (s): 5.83” · score 5.83 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6961; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.22” · score 0.22 (FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6967; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flaming duration (s): 147.82” · score 147.82 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6973; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flame height (cm): 8.4” · score 8.4 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 6979; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flame intensity (kW/m): 470.35” · score 470.35 (FLAMITS — flame intensity (kW/m))
  
  FLAMITS record 6985; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “burnt biomass (%): 89.89” · score 89.89 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 6991; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flammability value: 2” · score 2 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 6997; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling spring. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flammability value: 3” · score 3 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 7004; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling summer. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flammability value: 1” · score 1 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 7011; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling autumn. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flammability value: 2” · score 2 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 7018; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flammability value: 3” · score 3 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 7025; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “flammability value: 3” · score 3 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 7032; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Liodakis2011-1; sampling all seasons. Primary study Liodakis2011: Liodakis, S., Agiovlasitis, I.P., Kakardakis, T., Tzamtzis, N., Vorisis, D., & Lois, E. (2011). Determining hazard risk indices for Mediterranean forest species based on particle flammability properties. Fire Safety Journal, 46, 116-124.
- “time to flaming (s): 984” · score 984 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 9194; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Michelaki2020-3; sampling spring. Primary study Michelaki2020: Michelaki, C., Fyllas, N. M., Galanidis, A., Aloupi, M., Evangelou, E., Arianoutsou, M., & Dimitrakopoulos, P. G. (2020). Adaptive flammability syndromes in thermo-Mediterranean vegetation, captured by alternative resource-use strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 718, 137437.
- “burning duration (s): 387” · score 387 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 9195; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Michelaki2020-3; sampling spring. Primary study Michelaki2020: Michelaki, C., Fyllas, N. M., Galanidis, A., Aloupi, M., Evangelou, E., Arianoutsou, M., & Dimitrakopoulos, P. G. (2020). Adaptive flammability syndromes in thermo-Mediterranean vegetation, captured by alternative resource-use strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 718, 137437.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0” · score 0 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 9196; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Michelaki2020-3; sampling spring. Primary study Michelaki2020: Michelaki, C., Fyllas, N. M., Galanidis, A., Aloupi, M., Evangelou, E., Arianoutsou, M., & Dimitrakopoulos, P. G. (2020). Adaptive flammability syndromes in thermo-Mediterranean vegetation, captured by alternative resource-use strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 718, 137437.
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 93.1” · score 93.1 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 9197; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Michelaki2020-3; sampling spring. Primary study Michelaki2020: Michelaki, C., Fyllas, N. M., Galanidis, A., Aloupi, M., Evangelou, E., Arianoutsou, M., & Dimitrakopoulos, P. G. (2020). Adaptive flammability syndromes in thermo-Mediterranean vegetation, captured by alternative resource-use strategies. Science of The Total Environment, 718, 137437.
- “flaming duration (s): 13.34” · score 13.34 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 11625; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Rosavec2013-1; sampling june. Primary study Rosavec2013: Rosavec, R., ikic, Z., panjol, ., & Barcic, D. (2013). Utjecaj meteorolokih ?imbenika na zapaljivost nekih sredozemnih vrsta. umarski list, 137, 583-590.
- “flaming duration (s): 11.16” · score 11.16 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 11626; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Rosavec2013-2; sampling june. Primary study Rosavec2013: Rosavec, R., ikic, Z., panjol, ., & Barcic, D. (2013). Utjecaj meteorolokih ?imbenika na zapaljivost nekih sredozemnih vrsta. umarski list, 137, 583-590.
- “flammability value: 4” · score 4 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 13327; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Valette1990-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes. Conséquences sur la combustibilité des formations forestières. Revue forestière française, 42, 76-92.
- “flammability value: 5” · score 5 (FLAMITS — flammability value)
  
  FLAMITS record 13328; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Valette1990-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes. Conséquences sur la combustibilité des formations forestières. Revue forestière française, 42, 76-92.
- “temperature at flaming (°C): 331.2” · score 331.2 (FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 16685; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.
- “time to flaming (s): 19.4” · score 19.4 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 16686; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.
- “flame height (cm): 59.9” · score 59.9 (FLAMITS — flame height (cm))
  
  FLAMITS record 16687; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.
- “burning duration (s): 20.9” · score 20.9 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 16688; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.
- “burnt biomass (%): 6.6” · score 6.6 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 16689; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Guney2022-1; sampling may and september 2017. Primary study Guney2022: Güney, C. O., Sar?, A., Cekim, H. O., Küçüksille, E. U., ?entürk, Ö., Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2022). An advanced approach for leaf flammability index estimation. International journal of wildland fire, 31, 277-290.

Fire-resistant shrubs instead

Mastic
Pistacia lentiscus

Cistus salviifolius
Cistus salvaefolius

Creeping Myoporum
Myoporum parvifolium

Kinnikinnick
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Kurrajong
Brachychiton populneus

Calicotome spinosa
Calycotoma spinosa

Fire-resistant shrubs listed above

Last verified 2026-08-23. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: GBIF · iNaturalist · Wikidata ·

Phyllirea latifolia (Phillyrea latifolia). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/phyllirea-latifolia/. Last verified 2026-08-23.