No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.
2. Why this plant is relevant here
State distribution
Documented in HI.
Native range
No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established
1 sourced range or established record; set a location to match them. This is not an invasive warning.
USDA hardiness
No hardiness value is normalized.
3. Legal, ecological, and broader status
Legal-list status
Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status
Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here
No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context
Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context
Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.
How to read this page
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and
introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval.
Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.
The lossless worldwide derivative is retained once in the research corpus; object pages repeat only exact U.S. areas needed by the local lens. The JSON twin carries the same page assertions.
Where its sources say to plant it
Placement rules below use each source's own distances or named zones, tied to its rating.
They are not interchangeable with the directory's current Zone 0 guidance.
Fire Resisting Garden Plants for the Urban Fringe and Rur…: remove from the Building Protection Zone; avoid in the Fuel Modified Zone [Texas Building Protection Zone] (with its avoid rating)
The evidence
Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself
(a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or
republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.
6 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 5611.61”
· score 5611.61 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
FLAMITS record 2898; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dickinson1985-1; sampling winter. Primary study Dickinson1985: Dickinson, K. J. M., & Kirkpatrick, J. B. (1985). The flammability and energy content of some important plant-species and fuel components in the forests of Southeastern Tasmania. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 121-134.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4857.79”
· score 4857.79 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
FLAMITS record 2901; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dickinson1985-1; sampling winter. Primary study Dickinson1985: Dickinson, K. J. M., & Kirkpatrick, J. B. (1985). The flammability and energy content of some important plant-species and fuel components in the forests of Southeastern Tasmania. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 121-134.
“rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.43”
· score 0.43 (FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s))
FLAMITS record 2908; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dickinson1985-1; sampling winter. Primary study Dickinson1985: Dickinson, K. J. M., & Kirkpatrick, J. B. (1985). The flammability and energy content of some important plant-species and fuel components in the forests of Southeastern Tasmania. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 121-134.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 5366.87”
· score 5366.87 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
FLAMITS record 2917; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dickinson1985-1; sampling winter. Primary study Dickinson1985: Dickinson, K. J. M., & Kirkpatrick, J. B. (1985). The flammability and energy content of some important plant-species and fuel components in the forests of Southeastern Tasmania. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 121-134.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4764.1”
· score 4764.1 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
FLAMITS record 2934; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dickinson1985-1; sampling winter. Primary study Dickinson1985: Dickinson, K. J. M., & Kirkpatrick, J. B. (1985). The flammability and energy content of some important plant-species and fuel components in the forests of Southeastern Tasmania. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 121-134.
“rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.19”
· score 0.19 (FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s))
FLAMITS record 2946; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dickinson1985-1; sampling winter. Primary study Dickinson1985: Dickinson, K. J. M., & Kirkpatrick, J. B. (1985). The flammability and energy content of some important plant-species and fuel components in the forests of Southeastern Tasmania. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 121-134.