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Banksia spinulosa

Banksia spinulosa · Proteaceae · all Banksia records

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1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: No test or rating condition is normalized.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 0 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Global
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: No state distribution is normalized.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: No introduced or established row is normalized; that does not prove native status.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: No ecological invasive report is normalized; that does not prove noninvasiveness.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Form: tree
Region: Australia
Rated in: Global
Family: Proteaceae
Evidence: 17 cited sources

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Listed without a rating (17)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

17 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “time to flaming (s): 11.8” · score 11.8 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 5955; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2019-1; sampling june to august. Primary study Krix2019: Krix, D. W., Phillips, M. L., & Murray, B. R. (2019). Relationships among leaf flammability attributes and identifying low-leaf-flammability species at the wildland-urban interface. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 295-307.
- “flaming duration (s): 0.8” · score 0.8 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6011; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2019-1; sampling june to august. Primary study Krix2019: Krix, D. W., Phillips, M. L., & Murray, B. R. (2019). Relationships among leaf flammability attributes and identifying low-leaf-flammability species at the wildland-urban interface. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 295-307.
- “time to smoke (s): 7.1” · score 7.1 (FLAMITS — time to smoke (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6042; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2019-1; sampling june to august. Primary study Krix2019: Krix, D. W., Phillips, M. L., & Murray, B. R. (2019). Relationships among leaf flammability attributes and identifying low-leaf-flammability species at the wildland-urban interface. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 295-307.
- “time to flaming (s): 13” · score 13 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6098; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2019-1; sampling june to august. Primary study Krix2019: Krix, D. W., Phillips, M. L., & Murray, B. R. (2019). Relationships among leaf flammability attributes and identifying low-leaf-flammability species at the wildland-urban interface. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 295-307.
- “smoke duration (s): 6” · score 6 (FLAMITS — smoke duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6129; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2019-1; sampling june to august. Primary study Krix2019: Krix, D. W., Phillips, M. L., & Murray, B. R. (2019). Relationships among leaf flammability attributes and identifying low-leaf-flammability species at the wildland-urban interface. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 295-307.
- “burning duration (s): 11.4” · score 11.4 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 6189; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2019-1; sampling june to august. Primary study Krix2019: Krix, D. W., Phillips, M. L., & Murray, B. R. (2019). Relationships among leaf flammability attributes and identifying low-leaf-flammability species at the wildland-urban interface. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 28, 295-307.
- “time to flaming (s): 17.37” · score 17.37 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 9664; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Murray2013-1; sampling march to april. Primary study Murray2013: Murray, B. R., Hardstaff, L. K., & Phillips, M. L. (2013). Differences in leaf flammability, leaf traits and flammability-trait relationships between native and exotic plant species of dry sclerophyll forest. PLoS One, 8, e79205.
- “time to flaming (s): 13.2” · score 13.2 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14789; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.
- “time to flaming (s): 7.29” · score 7.29 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14790; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.46” · score 4.46 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14791; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.
- “burning duration (s): 14.06” · score 14.06 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14828; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.
- “burning duration (s): 9.86” · score 9.86 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14829; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.
- “burning duration (s): 8.93” · score 8.93 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 14830; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Krix2022-1; sampling . Primary study Krix2022: Krix, D. W., & Murray, B. R. A. (2022). Predictive Model of Leaf Flammability Using Leaf Traits and Radiant Heat Flux for Plants of Fire-Prone Dry Sclerophyll Forest. Forests, 13, 152.
- “time to flaming (s): 1.23” · score 1.23 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19333; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildlandurban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.
- “burning duration (s): 27.82” · score 27.82 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19334; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildlandurban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 423.7” · score 423.7 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 19335; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildlandurban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 47.94” · score 47.94 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 19336; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildlandurban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.

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Last verified 2026-08-25. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: USDA PLANTS · GBIF ·

Banksia spinulosa (Banksia spinulosa). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/banksia-spinulosa/. Last verified 2026-08-25.