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Form
tree
Region
Singapore
Rated in
Global
On this lot
1. Fire evidence and conditions
Fire evidence
Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions
Fire ecology context
Placement evidence
Evidence regions
Global
Maintenance
2. Why this plant is relevant here
State distribution
Native range
Introduced / established
USDA hardiness
3. Legal, ecological, and broader status
Legal-list status
Seed-list status
Reported invasive here
Broader regional context
Federal context
How to read this page
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
The evidence
Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself
(a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or
republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.
Listed without a rating (3)Corroboration (3 rows from 1 source)
3 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
Primary study Rahman2023: Rahman, N. E. B., Smith, S. W., Lam, W. N., Chong, K. Y., Chua, M. S. E., Teo, P. Y., ... Wardle, D. A. (2023). Leaf decomposition and flammability are largely decoupled across species in a tropical swamp forest despite sharing some predictive leaf functional traits. New Phytologist, 238: 598-611.
Shared row context: plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Rahman2023-1; sampling July 2020 and january 2021.