Enter your ZIP to see whether this is legal to plant in your state, and whether it survives your winter.
Form
tree
Region
Brazil; Netherlands
Rated in
Global
On this lot
1. Fire evidence and conditions
Fire evidence
Mixed evidence — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions
Fire ecology context
Placement evidence
Evidence regions
Global
Maintenance
2. Why this plant is relevant here
State distribution
Native range
Introduced / established
USDA hardiness
3. Legal, ecological, and broader status
Legal-list status
Seed-list status
Reported invasive here
Broader regional context
Federal context
How to read this page
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
The evidence
Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself
(a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or
republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.
Listed without a rating (6)Corroboration (6 rows from 1 source)
6 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
Primary study Santos2018b: Santos, J. F. L., Machado, I. E. S., Soares, R. V., Batista, A. C., Neves, P. C., & Tetto, A. F. (2018b). Flammability of native species of two Brazilian ecosystems. In: D. X. Viegas, Advances in Forest Fire Research 2018 (pp. 227-231), Portugal, University of Coimbra.
Shared row context: plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Santos2018b-1; sampling ND.
Primary study Zhang2022: Zhang, S., Cornwell, W. K., Zhao, W., van Logtestijn, R. S., Krab, E. J., Aerts, R., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2022). Experimental evidence that leaf litter decomposability and flammability are decoupled across gymnosperm species. Journal of Ecology, 111, 761-772.
Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Zhang2022-1; sampling january and march 2011.
