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Pteridium esculentum pairs keep away recommendation on pteridium esculentum. On pteridium esculentum, limited evidence next to pteridium esculentum on Pteridium esculentum. This is not one slogan for pteridium esculentum — Pteridium esculentum. On pteridium esculentum, avoid does not replace limited evidence for pteridium esculentum.
On pteridium esculentum, Pteridium esculentum also carries A quantitative assessment for pteridium esculentum. On pteridium esculentum, Pteridium esculentum also carries same form alternatives for pteridium esculentum.
Use evidence on pteridium esculentum for pteridium esculentum. The sourced rows remain on pteridium esculentum. On pteridium esculentum, pteridium esculentum holds avoid beside limited evidence in the pteridium esculentum table for Pteridium esculentum.
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
Where its sources say to plant it
Placement rules below use each source's own distances or named zones, tied to its rating.
They are not interchangeable with the directory's current Zone 0 guidance.
Fire Resisting Garden Plants for the Urban Fringe and Rur…: should be avoided in the Building Protection Zone [Texas Building Protection Zone] (mid-scale rating)
The evidence
Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself
(a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or
republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.
Avoids (1)
Low Flammability Plants directory — Fire and Emergency New Zealand (plant flammability testing at Lincoln University) · 2026 · original sourcePrimary evidenceLab-testedlineage: lincoln-nz-tree
“High flammability”
High flammability classification. Flagged poisonous in the FENZ directory.
17 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.
Shared row context: plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND.
“ignition frequency (%): 100”
FLAMITS record 1489; Ignitability measurement.
“maximum sample temperature (°C): 507.7”
FLAMITS record 1683; Combustibility measurement.
“burning duration (s): 24.9”
FLAMITS record 1877; Sustainability measurement.
“estimated burnt biomass (%): 28.6”
FLAMITS record 2071; Consumability measurement.
Primary study Dickinson1985: Dickinson, K. J. M., & Kirkpatrick, J. B. (1985). The flammability and energy content of some important plant-species and fuel components in the forests of Southeastern Tasmania. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 121-134.
Shared row context: plant part leaves; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dickinson1985-1; sampling winter.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4568.35”
FLAMITS record 2903; Combustibility measurement; fuel dead.
“rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.25”
FLAMITS record 2915; Sustainability measurement; fuel dead.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 4646.74”
FLAMITS record 2936; Combustibility measurement; fuel live.
Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.
Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-13; sampling summer.
Primary study Wyse2016: Wyse, S. V., Perry, G. L. W., O'Connell, D. M., Holland, P. S., Wright, M. J., Hosted, C. L., ... Curran, T. J. (2016). A quantitative assessment of shoot flammability for 60 tree and shrub species supports rankings based on expert opinion. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 25, 466-477.
Shared row context: plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Wyse2016-3; sampling ND.
