Current native
0
exact source areas
Home / Plants / Grow / English holly
English holly
Ilex aquifolium
Your local evidence lens
Separate evidence questions, never one approval badge
A genus split is not a placement verdict. Set a ZIP to read the local documented split.
1. Fire evidence and conditions
- Fire evidence
- Highly flammable — location does not change the cited classification.
- Fire-performance conditions
- No test or rating condition is normalized.
- Fire ecology context
- No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
- Placement evidence
- 3 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
- Evidence regions
- Catalonia, Spain; Global; Tasmania, Australia; Virginia / Mid-Atlantic; eastern US
- Maintenance
- No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.
Typed publication scope: 1 scope across 1 cited fire source
2. Why this plant is relevant here
- State distribution
- Documented in CA, DC, DE, HI, MD, NJ, OH, OR, PA, VA, WA, WV.
- Native range
- No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
- Introduced / established
- 7 sourced range or established records; set a location to match them. This is not an invasive warning.
- USDA hardiness
- Only uncertain or inapplicable hardiness rows are cited; no primary zone is projected.
3. Legal, ecological, and broader status
- Legal-list status
- Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
- Seed-list status
- Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
- Reported invasive here
- 3 ecological invasive reports; set a location to distinguish exact from regional context.
- Broader regional context
- Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
- Federal context
- Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.
How to read this page
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
- Form
- tree
- USDA hardiness
- Only uncertain or inapplicable source rows; no primary zone projected
- Mature height
- ~15 ft
- Light
- Part sun
- Grows in
- CA, DC, DE, HI, MD, NJ, OH, OR +4
- Rated in
- Catalonia, Spain; Global; Tasmania, Australia; Virginia / Mid-Atlantic +1
- Family
- Aquifoliaceae
- Evidence
- 5 cited sources
Native and introduced range evidence
These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval. Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.
Current introduced
7
exact source areas
Qualified
0
doubtful or extinct source rows
7 introduced source areas
- Arkansas (AR)
- California (CA)
- Hawaii (HI)
- New Jersey (NJ)
- Oregon (OR)
- Virginia (VA)
- Washington (WA)
Plant hardiness evidence
-
Eastern United States Fire Performance Plant Selector
Source prints 5 · single-value meaning unresolved
Where its sources say to plant it
- Eastern United States Fire Performance Plant Selector: Landscape Zone 3 — 10–30 ft from the structure; thin vegetation, remove debris, and minimize plant massing
- Fire Resisting Garden Plants for the Urban Fringe and Rur…: remove from the Building Protection Zone; avoid in the Fuel Modified Zone
- Guía de pirojardinería: suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone
The evidence
Recommends (1)
-
“MUY RECOMENDADA”
Ilex aquifolium is rated “MUY RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.
Avoids (2)
-
Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300)
“H flammability”
Requires good drainage and compatible male plant for berry production .(dioecious). Not cold tolerant.
-
Fire Resisting Garden Plants for the Urban Fringe and Rural Areas
“High Flammability”
Marked X: known environmental weed in Tasmania.
Mid-scale / conditional (1)
-
Eastern United States Fire Performance Plant Selector
“AT RISK Firewise (3)”
Listed without a rating (1)
-
FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database
“time to flaming (s): 23.29”
FLAMITS record 9689; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Murray2013-1; sampling march to april. Primary study Murray2013: Murray, B. R., Hardstaff, L. K., & Phillips, M. L. (2013). Differences in leaf flammability, leaf traits and flammability-trait relationships between native and exotic plant species of dry sclerophyll forest. PLoS One, 8, e79205.
