3 sourced range or established records. This is not an invasive warning.
USDA hardiness
Documented minimum 10a; no upper limit is documented.
3. Legal, ecological, and broader status
Legal-list status
Seed-list status
Reported invasive here
2 ecological invasive reports.
Broader regional context
Federal context
How to read this page
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
Native and introduced range evidence
These are exact U.S. botanical-area records from the cited range source. Native and
introduced describe biogeographic relationship, not fire performance or planting approval.
Doubtful and extinct rows stay visible but do not count as current presence.
The lossless worldwide derivative is retained once in the research corpus; object pages repeat only exact U.S. areas needed by the local lens. The JSON twin carries the same page assertions.
Plant hardiness evidence
These values describe the plant source. Your ZIP zone comes from the separate 2023 USDA
Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Whole-zone values stay whole-zone, and a single unresolved value
is not treated as a tolerance range. Different source boundaries stay separate: overlapping
statements are compared independently, while only ranges with no shared zone are called a conflict.
Source location: PlantCharacteristics record 78933, Temperature, Minimum (°F).
Where its sources say to plant it
Placement rules below use each source's own distances or named zones, tied to its rating.
They are not interchangeable with the directory's current Zone 0 guidance.
Fire Resisting Garden Plants for the Urban Fringe and Rur…: should be avoided in the Building Protection Zone [Texas Building Protection Zone] (mid-scale rating)
The evidence
Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself
(a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or
republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.
7 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
“calorific value (kcal/kg): 5930”
FLAMITS record 1160; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Chakradhari2016-1; sampling december. Primary study Chakradhari2016: Chakradhari, S., & Patel, K. S. (2016). Combustion characteristics of tree woods. Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, 6, 31-43.
Primary study Okafor2020: Okafor, V.N., Okafor, U.W., Anyalebechi, R.I., Obiadi, M.C., Obiefuna, J.N., & Okonkwo, C.P. (2020). Density effects and its relationship with major flame characteristics of selected fire tolerant trees in south-east Nigeria: a look at oven and sun dried timbers. Journal of chemical society of Nigeria, 45, 852-862.
Shared row context: plant part wood; fuel live; device burning bench; site Okafor2020-1; sampling ND.
“time to flaming (s): 5”
FLAMITS record 17083; Ignitability measurement; predrying yes.
