FireApproved

United States / Grow / Lancewood

Lancewood (Pseudopanax crassifolius)
Photo: (c) Rob Cruickshank, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (CC BY-SA), via iNaturalist. Species-typical, not necessarily this cultivar.

Lancewood

Pseudopanax crassifolius · Araliaceae · all Pseudopanax records · also called Horoeka · Wikipedia

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Form
tree
Region
New Zealand
Rated in
Global; New Zealand
On this lot

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence
Fire-resistant — location does not change the cited classification.
Evidence regions
Global; New Zealand

2. Why this plant is relevant here

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Recommends (1)

Listed without a rating (30)
Corroboration (30 rows from 1 source)

  • FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

    30 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.

    • Primary study Alam2020: Alam, M. A., Wyse, S. V., Buckley, H. L., Perry, G. L. W., Sullivan, J. J., Mason, N. W. H., . . . Curran, T. J. (2020). Shoot flammability is decoupled from leaf flammability, but controlled by leaf functional traits. Journal of Ecology, 108, 641-653.

      Shared row context: plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Alam2020-1; sampling ND.

      • “ignition frequency (%): 25”

        FLAMITS record 14; Ignitability measurement.

      • “maximum sample temperature (°C): 202”

        FLAMITS record 30; Combustibility measurement.

      • “burning duration (s): 2.7”

        FLAMITS record 46; Sustainability measurement.

      • “estimated burnt biomass (%): 5.63”

        FLAMITS record 62; Consumability measurement.

    • Primary study Cui2020a: Cui, X., Paterson, A. M., Wyse, S. V., Alam, M. A., Maurin, K. J. L., Pieper, R., ... Curran, T. J. (2020a). Shoot flammability of vascular plants is phylogenetically conserved and related to habitat fire-proneness and growth form. Nature Plants, 6, 355-359.

      Shared row context: plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Cui2020a-1; sampling ND.

      • “ignition frequency (%): 22.2”

        FLAMITS record 1486; Ignitability measurement.

      • “maximum sample temperature (°C): 163.4”

        FLAMITS record 1680; Combustibility measurement.

      • “burning duration (s): 0.6”

        FLAMITS record 1874; Sustainability measurement.

      • “estimated burnt biomass (%): 1.4”

        FLAMITS record 2068; Consumability measurement.

    • Primary study Mason2016: Mason, N. W. H., Frazao, C., Buxton, R. P., & Richardson, S. J. (2016). Fire form and function: evidence for exaptive flammability in the New Zealand flora. Plant Ecology, 217, 645-659.

      Shared row context: plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Mason2016-13; sampling summer.

      • Shared measurement context: Ignitability measurement.

        • “temperature at smoke (°C): 152.24”

          FLAMITS record 8500.

        • “temperature at smoke (°C): 233.08”

          FLAMITS record 8501.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 268.78”

          FLAMITS record 8715.

        • “temperature at flaming (°C): 283.64”

          FLAMITS record 8716.

      • Shared measurement context: Combustibility measurement.

        • “temperature increase rate (°C/s): 34.15”

          FLAMITS record 8930.

        • “temperature increase rate (°C/s): 20.86”

          FLAMITS record 8931.

    • Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.

      Shared row context: plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1.

      • “time to flaming (s): 9.97”

        FLAMITS record 16121; Ignitability measurement; sampling autum 2019.

      • “time to flaming (s): 9.55”

        FLAMITS record 16122; Ignitability measurement; sampling winter 2019.

      • “time to flaming (s): 9.55”

        FLAMITS record 16123; Ignitability measurement; sampling spring 2019.

      • “time to flaming (s): 9.97”

        FLAMITS record 16124; Ignitability measurement; sampling summer 2019.

      • “maximum flame temperature (°C): 171.57”

        FLAMITS record 16161; Combustibility measurement; sampling autum 2019.

      • “maximum flame temperature (°C): 225.25”

        FLAMITS record 16162; Combustibility measurement; sampling winter 2019.

      • “maximum flame temperature (°C): 181.29”

        FLAMITS record 16163; Combustibility measurement; sampling spring 2019.

      • “maximum flame temperature (°C): 181.72”

        FLAMITS record 16164; Combustibility measurement; sampling summer 2019.

      • “estimated burnt biomass (%): 0”

        FLAMITS record 16201; Consumability measurement; sampling autum 2019.

      • “estimated burnt biomass (%): 0”

        FLAMITS record 16202; Consumability measurement; sampling winter 2019.

      • “estimated burnt biomass (%): 2.85”

        FLAMITS record 16203; Consumability measurement; sampling spring 2019.

      • “estimated burnt biomass (%): 0.77”

        FLAMITS record 16204; Consumability measurement; sampling summer 2019.

      • “burning duration (s): 1.22”

        FLAMITS record 16241; Sustainability measurement; sampling autum 2019.

      • “burning duration (s): 6.4”

        FLAMITS record 16242; Sustainability measurement; sampling winter 2019.

      • “burning duration (s): 1.75”

        FLAMITS record 16243; Sustainability measurement; sampling spring 2019.

      • “burning duration (s): 1.4”

        FLAMITS record 16244; Sustainability measurement; sampling summer 2019.

Same genus in the directory · the Pseudopanax group page

Last verified 2026-08-23. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

Profiles: GBIF · iNaturalist · Wikidata · Wikipedia ·

Pseudopanax crassifolius (Horoeka, Lancewood). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/pseudopanax-crassifolius/. Last verified 2026-08-23.