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Form
tree
Region
New Zealand
Rated in
Global; New Zealand
On this lot
1. Fire evidence and conditions
Fire evidence
Fire-resistant — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions
Fire ecology context
Placement evidence
Evidence regions
Global; New Zealand
Maintenance
2. Why this plant is relevant here
State distribution
Native range
Introduced / established
USDA hardiness
3. Legal, ecological, and broader status
Legal-list status
Seed-list status
Reported invasive here
Broader regional context
Federal context
How to read this page
The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.
The evidence
Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself
(a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or
republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.
Recommends (1)
Low Flammability Plants directory — Fire and Emergency New Zealand (plant flammability testing at Lincoln University) · 2026 · original sourcePrimary evidenceLab-testedlineage: lincoln-nz-tree
“Low flammability”
Low flammability classification.
Listed without a rating (16)Corroboration (16 rows from 1 source)
16 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
Primary study Sultana2022: Sultana, N. (2022). Traits underpinning the eco-physiological processes linking drought and flammability. PhD. Dissertation. Lincoln University.
Shared row context: plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Sultana2022-1.
“time to flaming (s): 9.15”
FLAMITS record 16117; Ignitability measurement; sampling autum 2019.
“time to flaming (s): 9.97”
FLAMITS record 16118; Ignitability measurement; sampling winter 2019.
“time to flaming (s): 9.97”
FLAMITS record 16119; Ignitability measurement; sampling spring 2019.
“time to flaming (s): 9.97”
FLAMITS record 16120; Ignitability measurement; sampling summer 2019.
“maximum flame temperature (°C): 234.7”
FLAMITS record 16157; Combustibility measurement; sampling autum 2019.
“maximum flame temperature (°C): 232.94”
FLAMITS record 16158; Combustibility measurement; sampling winter 2019.
“maximum flame temperature (°C): 176.47”
FLAMITS record 16159; Combustibility measurement; sampling spring 2019.
“maximum flame temperature (°C): 174.7”
FLAMITS record 16160; Combustibility measurement; sampling summer 2019.
“estimated burnt biomass (%): 7.01”
FLAMITS record 16197; Consumability measurement; sampling autum 2019.
“estimated burnt biomass (%): 4.74”
FLAMITS record 16198; Consumability measurement; sampling winter 2019.
“estimated burnt biomass (%): 0”
FLAMITS record 16199; Consumability measurement; sampling spring 2019.
“estimated burnt biomass (%): 5.65”
FLAMITS record 16200; Consumability measurement; sampling summer 2019.
“burning duration (s): 1.26”
FLAMITS record 16237; Sustainability measurement; sampling autum 2019.
“burning duration (s): 2.38”
FLAMITS record 16238; Sustainability measurement; sampling winter 2019.
“burning duration (s): 0.11”
FLAMITS record 16239; Sustainability measurement; sampling spring 2019.
“burning duration (s): 1.55”
FLAMITS record 16240; Sustainability measurement; sampling summer 2019.
