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Smooth-barked Apple

Angophora costata · Myrtaceae · all Angophora records

Your local evidence lens

Separate evidence questions, never one approval badge

Set a ZIP to compare this record with state distribution, native range, USDA hardiness, and invasive records.

A genus split is not a placement verdict. Set a ZIP to read the local documented split.

1. Fire evidence and conditions

Fire evidence: Fire-resistant — location does not change the cited classification.
Fire-performance conditions: No test or rating condition is normalized.
Fire ecology context: No section-reviewed fire-ecology context is normalized.
Placement evidence: 0 source placement records; source schemes remain separate.
Evidence regions: Global; Victoria, Australia
Maintenance: No sourced horticultural maintenance assertion is normalized; fire-test conditions do not supply maintenance advice.

2. Why this plant is relevant here

State distribution: No state distribution is normalized.
Native range: No current cited or legacy state native range is normalized.
Introduced / established: No introduced or established row is normalized; that does not prove native status.
USDA hardiness: No hardiness value is normalized.

3. Legal, ecological, and broader status

Legal-list status: Set a location for an exact legal-list result; source silence is not clearance.
Seed-list status: Set a location to compare the separate state noxious-weed seed layer.
Reported invasive here: 1 ecological invasive report; set a location to distinguish exact from regional context.
Broader regional context: Aggregate AK, HI, and L48 evidence is shown only as regional context, never as an exact-state finding.
Federal context: Federal designations remain separate from state legal-list results.

How to read this page

The status above is computed from the cited rows below: independent recommendations can support a fire-resistant result, an avoid row can produce keep-away, and disagreement stays visible as conflict. Placement notes preserve each source’s own scheme rather than translating unlike rules into one scale. This is evidence about a plant, not permission to plant it in every part of the defensible space; Zone 0 remains noncombustible.

Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) — Photo: (c) ian_mcallan, some rights reserved (CC BY) (CC BY), via iNaturalist. Species-typical, not necessarily this cultivar.

Form: shrub
Region: Australia; Victoria, Australia
Rated in: Global; Victoria, Australia
Family: Myrtaceae
Evidence: 22 cited sources

The evidence

Grouped by what each source concluded. Primary evidence rated the plant itself (a lab, field program, or original curation); corroboration compiled or republished another source's rating and resolves to its root lineage.

Listed without a rating (21)

FLAMITS: FLAMmability plant traiTS database — Dryad / Global Ecology and Biogeography · Dryad version 9 · original source Corroboration Trait database lineage: meta-aggregator

21 cited rows from this source; its identity, lineage and tier are stated once.
- “time to flaming (s): 17.04” · score 17.04 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 3815; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Gill1996-1; sampling march to april. Primary study Gill1996: Gill, M., & Moore, P. (1996). Ignitibility of leaves of Australian plants. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry.
- “time to flaming (s): 4.14” · score 4.14 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 3863; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Gill1996-1; sampling march to april. Primary study Gill1996: Gill, M., & Moore, P. (1996). Ignitibility of leaves of Australian plants. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry.
- “time to flaming (s): 3.44” · score 3.44 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4536; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017b-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017b: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Van Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Shaw, V. (2017). Bark traits, decomposition and flammability of Australian forest trees. Australian Journal of Botany, 65, 327.
- “smouldering duration per mass (s/g): 100.74” · score 100.74 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration per mass (s/g))
  
  FLAMITS record 4546; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017b-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017b: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Van Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Shaw, V. (2017). Bark traits, decomposition and flammability of Australian forest trees. Australian Journal of Botany, 65, 327.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 9.41” · score 9.41 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4556; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017b-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017b: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Van Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Shaw, V. (2017). Bark traits, decomposition and flammability of Australian forest trees. Australian Journal of Botany, 65, 327.
- “flaming duration per mass (s/g): 18.94” · score 18.94 (FLAMITS — flaming duration per mass (s/g))
  
  FLAMITS record 4566; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017b-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017b: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Van Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Shaw, V. (2017). Bark traits, decomposition and flammability of Australian forest trees. Australian Journal of Botany, 65, 327.
- “time to flaming (s): 6.59” · score 6.59 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4576; Ignitability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017b-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017b: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Van Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Shaw, V. (2017). Bark traits, decomposition and flammability of Australian forest trees. Australian Journal of Botany, 65, 327.
- “smouldering duration per mass (s/g): 129.33” · score 129.33 (FLAMITS — smouldering duration per mass (s/g))
  
  FLAMITS record 4586; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017b-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017b: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Van Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Shaw, V. (2017). Bark traits, decomposition and flammability of Australian forest trees. Australian Journal of Botany, 65, 327.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 6.75” · score 6.75 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 4596; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017b-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017b: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Van Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Shaw, V. (2017). Bark traits, decomposition and flammability of Australian forest trees. Australian Journal of Botany, 65, 327.
- “flaming duration per mass (s/g): 49.34” · score 49.34 (FLAMITS — flaming duration per mass (s/g))
  
  FLAMITS record 4606; Sustainability measurement; plant part bark; fuel live; predrying no; device muffle furnace; site Grootemaat2017b-1; sampling december. Primary study Grootemaat2017b: Grootemaat, S., Wright, I. J., Van Bodegom, P. M., Cornelissen, J. H., & Shaw, V. (2017). Bark traits, decomposition and flammability of Australian forest trees. Australian Journal of Botany, 65, 327.
- “time to flaming (s): 19” · score 19 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 11671; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.
- “maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 201” · score 201 (FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 11708; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.
- “flaming duration (s): 59” · score 59 (FLAMITS — flaming duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 11745; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.
- “mass loss rate (g/s): 0.34” · score 0.34 (FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s))
  
  FLAMITS record 11782; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.
- “burnt biomass (%): 93” · score 93 (FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 11819; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.
- “calorific value (kcal/kg): 2653.57” · score 2653.57 (FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg))
  
  FLAMITS record 11856; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.
- “energy flux (kW/m²): 157” · score 157 (FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²))
  
  FLAMITS record 11893; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Salvo2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Salvo2015: Salvo-Aires, F. (2015). Effects of woody weeds on fuels and fire behaviour in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. PhD. Dissertation. University of Sydney.
- “time to flaming (s): 2.33” · score 2.33 (FLAMITS — time to flaming (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19321; Ignitability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildlandurban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.
- “burning duration (s): 28” · score 28 (FLAMITS — burning duration (s))
  
  FLAMITS record 19322; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildlandurban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.
- “maximum flame temperature (°C): 596.22” · score 596.22 (FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C))
  
  FLAMITS record 19323; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildlandurban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.
- “estimated burnt biomass (%): 23.778” · score 23.778 (FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%))
  
  FLAMITS record 19324; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Murray2023-1; sampling ND. Primary study Murray2023: Murray, B. R., Hawthorne, T., Curran, T. J., Krix, D. W., Wallace, M. I., Young, K., ... & Webb, J. K. (2023). Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildlandurban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area. International Journal of Wildland Fire, Online early.

Last verified 2026-08-23. JSON (CC BY 4.0)

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Angophora costata (Smooth-barked Apple). FireApproved. https://fireapproved.com/plants/angophora-costata/. Last verified 2026-08-23.