{"id":"ibhs-zone-zero-fences-gates","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"title":"IBHS Wildfire Prepared Home fencing and gates within five feet","shortName":"IBHS 0–5 foot fence and gate","summary":"The 2025 IBHS Base standard removes combustible fence, gate, post, and retaining-wall material within five feet or replaces it with noncombustible material.","framing":"A metal gate or panel may address the material line. Its distance, attachments, posts, and the rest of the five-foot zone remain site facts.","kind":"program","instrumentId":"ibhs-wildfire-prepared","jurisdiction":"California and Oregon program applicants","appliesToCategories":["fencing"],"quotedText":"replace with noncombustible material","source":{"title":"2025 Wildfire Prepared Home Technical Standard","url":"https://wildfireprepared.org/wp-content/uploads/WFPH-Technical-Standard.pdf","publisher":"Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety","sourceType":"insurer-checklist","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","documentDate":"2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},"constraints":[{"attribute":"assemblyRole","op":"in","value":["fence-panel","gate"]},{"attribute":"material","op":"in","value":["aluminum","galvanized-steel","stainless-steel","steel"]}],"relatedStandards":["ibhs-wildfire-prepared"],"author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"applications":[],"products":[{"id":"aluglobus-zone-zero-aluminum-fence-system","name":"AluGlobus Zone Zero aluminum fence system","url":"/materials/aluglobus-zone-zero-aluminum-fence-system/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"aluminum","source":{"title":"Zone Zero aluminum fence and gate systems","url":"https://aluglobusfence.com/zone-zero-aluminum-systems/","publisher":"AluGlobus","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"Zone Zero aluminum fence and gate systems","url":"https://aluglobusfence.com/zone-zero-aluminum-systems/","publisher":"AluGlobus","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"aluglobus-zone-zero-aluminum-gate-system","name":"AluGlobus Zone Zero aluminum gate system","url":"/materials/aluglobus-zone-zero-aluminum-gate-system/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"aluminum","source":{"title":"Zone Zero aluminum fence and gate systems","url":"https://aluglobusfence.com/zone-zero-aluminum-systems/","publisher":"AluGlobus","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"Zone Zero aluminum fence and gate systems","url":"https://aluglobusfence.com/zone-zero-aluminum-systems/","publisher":"AluGlobus","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-echelon-ii-aluminum-fence","name":"Ameristar Echelon II aluminum fence","url":"/materials/ameristar-echelon-ii-aluminum-fence/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"aluminum","source":{"title":"Echelon II","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/echelon/echelon-ii","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"Echelon II","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/echelon/echelon-ii","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-echelon-ii-aluminum-gates","name":"Ameristar Echelon II aluminum gates","url":"/materials/ameristar-echelon-ii-aluminum-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"aluminum","source":{"title":"Echelon fence and gates","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/echelon","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"Echelon fence and gates","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/echelon","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-echelon-plus-aluminum-fence","name":"Ameristar Echelon Plus aluminum fence","url":"/materials/ameristar-echelon-plus-aluminum-fence/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"aluminum","source":{"title":"Echelon Plus","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/echelon/echelon-plus","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"Echelon Plus","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/echelon/echelon-plus","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-echelon-plus-aluminum-gates","name":"Ameristar Echelon Plus aluminum gates","url":"/materials/ameristar-echelon-plus-aluminum-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"aluminum","source":{"title":"Echelon fence and gates","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/echelon","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"Echelon fence and gates","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/echelon","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-montage-commercial-steel-fence","name":"Ameristar Montage Commercial steel fence","url":"/materials/ameristar-montage-commercial-steel-fence/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"Montage Commercial","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-commercial","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"Montage Commercial","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-commercial","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-montage-commercial-steel-gates","name":"Ameristar Montage Commercial steel gates","url":"/materials/ameristar-montage-commercial-steel-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"Montage fence and gates","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"Montage fence and gates","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-montage-ii-steel-fence","name":"Ameristar Montage II steel fence","url":"/materials/ameristar-montage-ii-steel-fence/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"galvanized-steel","source":{"title":"Montage II catalog","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/content-fragments/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-ii/assets/product-information/Catalog-Montage%20II.pdf","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"Montage II catalog","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/content-fragments/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-ii/assets/product-information/Catalog-Montage%20II.pdf","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-montage-ii-steel-gates","name":"Ameristar Montage II steel gates","url":"/materials/ameristar-montage-ii-steel-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"galvanized-steel","source":{"title":"Montage II catalog","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/content-fragments/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-ii/assets/product-information/Catalog-Montage%20II.pdf","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"Montage II catalog","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/content-fragments/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-ii/assets/product-information/Catalog-Montage%20II.pdf","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-montage-industrial-steel-fence","name":"Ameristar Montage Industrial steel fence","url":"/materials/ameristar-montage-industrial-steel-fence/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"Montage Industrial","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-industrial","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"Montage Industrial","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-industrial","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-montage-industrial-steel-gates","name":"Ameristar Montage Industrial steel gates","url":"/materials/ameristar-montage-industrial-steel-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"Montage fence and gates","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"Montage fence and gates","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-montage-plus-steel-fence","name":"Ameristar Montage Plus steel fence","url":"/materials/ameristar-montage-plus-steel-fence/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"Montage Plus","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-plus","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"Montage Plus","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-plus","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-montage-plus-steel-gates","name":"Ameristar Montage Plus steel gates","url":"/materials/ameristar-montage-plus-steel-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"Montage Plus","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-plus","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"Montage Plus","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-plus","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-montage-residential-steel-fence","name":"Ameristar Montage residential steel fence","url":"/materials/ameristar-montage-residential-steel-fence/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"galvanized-steel","source":{"title":"Montage residential steel fence","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-residential","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"Montage residential steel fence","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage/montage-residential","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"ameristar-montage-residential-steel-gates","name":"Ameristar Montage residential steel gates","url":"/materials/ameristar-montage-residential-steel-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"galvanized-steel","source":{"title":"Montage fence and gates","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"Montage fence and gates","url":"https://www.ameristarperimeter.com/us/en/materials/ornamental-fence-gates/montage","publisher":"Ameristar","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"barrierboss-black-frame-metal-privacy-fence-kit","name":"BarrierBoss black-frame metal privacy fence kit","url":"/materials/barrierboss-black-frame-metal-privacy-fence-kit/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"galvanized-steel","source":{"title":"Black-frame metal privacy fence kit","url":"https://barrierbossusa.com/collections/firesafe-metal-fence-kits/materials/black-frame-metal-privacy-fence-kit","publisher":"BarrierBoss","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"Black-frame metal privacy fence kit","url":"https://barrierbossusa.com/collections/firesafe-metal-fence-kits/materials/black-frame-metal-privacy-fence-kit","publisher":"BarrierBoss","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"fortress-athens-aluminum-fence-panels","name":"Fortress Athens aluminum fence panels","url":"/materials/fortress-athens-aluminum-fence-panels/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"aluminum","source":{"title":"Athens residential aluminum fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/athens-residential","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"Athens residential aluminum fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/athens-residential","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"fortress-athens-aluminum-gates","name":"Fortress Athens aluminum gates","url":"/materials/fortress-athens-aluminum-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"aluminum","source":{"title":"Athens residential aluminum fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/athens-residential","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"Athens residential aluminum fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/athens-residential","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"fortress-v2-steel-fence-panels","name":"Fortress V2 steel fence panels","url":"/materials/fortress-v2-steel-fence-panels/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"V2 steel commercial fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/v2","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"V2 steel commercial fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/v2","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"fortress-v2-steel-gates","name":"Fortress V2 steel gates","url":"/materials/fortress-v2-steel-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"V2 steel commercial fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/v2","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"V2 steel commercial fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/v2","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"fortress-v3-steel-fence-panels","name":"Fortress V3 steel fence panels","url":"/materials/fortress-v3-steel-fence-panels/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"V3 industrial ornamental fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/v3","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"V3 industrial ornamental fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/v3","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"fortress-v3-steel-gates","name":"Fortress V3 steel gates","url":"/materials/fortress-v3-steel-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"V3 industrial ornamental fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/v3","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"V3 industrial ornamental fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/v3","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"fortress-versai-steel-fence-panels","name":"Fortress VERSAI steel fence panels","url":"/materials/fortress-versai-steel-fence-panels/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"VERSAI ornamental steel fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/versai","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"fence-panel","source":{"title":"VERSAI ornamental steel fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/versai","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]},{"id":"fortress-versai-steel-gates","name":"Fortress VERSAI steel gates","url":"/materials/fortress-versai-steel-gates/","categories":["fencing"],"complianceStatus":"attribute-match","documentedAttributes":[{"attribute":"material","value":"steel","source":{"title":"VERSAI ornamental steel fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/versai","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null},{"attribute":"assemblyRole","value":"gate","source":{"title":"VERSAI ornamental steel fencing","url":"https://fortressbp.com/fencing/versai","publisher":"Fortress Building Products","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceType":"manufacturer"},"documentLocation":null,"excerpt":null}]}],"matchContract":"Products appear only when their cited fields satisfy this requirement's normalized constraints. Application scope and unresolved predicates remain separate; an attribute match is not a permit decision."}