{"id":"x-cupressocyparis-leylandii","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"X Cupressocyparis leylandii","commonNames":["Leyland cypress"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Hesperotropsis leylandii","family":"Cupressaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":8030887},"usdaZoneMin":"6a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae11351","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2021-10-29T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"X Hesperotropsis leylandii","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021fmv), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=HELE4"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"source-identifier","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, and family; source name retained without synonym expansion"}}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"x-cupressocyparis-leylandii","sourceTaxon":"X Cupressocyparis leylandii","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":25,"sun":"full","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/x-cupressocyparis-leylandii.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/114062022","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/70195205","license":"cc0","attribution":"no rights reserved","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Fast growing screen in hot, dry, sunny locations-very susceptible to bag worms.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"long-2006-srs","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Moderate flammability (whole-plant burns, NIST BFRL)","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2006","url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_long004.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Adapts to pH extremes, salt spray, poor fertility, drought.","edition":"2009","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"firewise-uk-dorset-leaflet-2024","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Red traffic-light class — Leylandii","claims":"The leaflet warns that dead, dry parts can produce flames over 2.5 m and advises against planting it directly beside a home or shed.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2024-10","url":"https://www.dorsetheaths.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Firewise-Planting-Leaflet.pdf","documentDate":"2024-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"6a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"x-cupressocyparis-leylandii","sourceTaxon":"X Cupressocyparis leylandii","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"unresolved-applicability","assertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"x-cupressocyparis-leylandii","sourceTaxon":"X Cupressocyparis leylandii","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"introduced-established","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae11351","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2021-10-29T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"X Hesperotropsis leylandii","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"C3","label":"established (category C3)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021fmv), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=HELE4"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"source-identifier","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, and family; source name retained without synonym expansion"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"va-firescapes","sourceName":"Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Virginia Cooperative Extension's publication opens with Virginia wildfire conditions, identifies its Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force, and labels plants native to Virginia. FireApproved publishes 306 exact source owners. Publication scope does not establish parcel suitability or current endorsement of this archived 2009 list.","sourceVersion":"Virginia-VCE-430-300-2009","asOf":"2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}