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Vermont"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WAS — Washington"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WIS — Wisconsin"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WVA — West Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ME"]},"authority":"Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry","source":"maine-chapter-273-invasive-plants-2022-092","sourceRecordId":"maine:prohibited:062","sourceVersion":"Chapter-273-filing-2022-092-format-corrected-2025-09-24","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Tussilago farfara","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"Chapter 273 Do Not Sell","label":"Specified living-plant trade activities prohibited since 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Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 7.5","score":{"value":7.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18361; consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 6","score":{"value":6,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18362; consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 42","score":{"value":42,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18386; consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 47.5","score":{"value":47.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18387; consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 46.5","score":{"value":46.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18388; consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 48","score":{"value":48,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18389; consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 36.5","score":{"value":36.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18413; consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 30","score":{"value":30,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18414; consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 31.5","score":{"value":31.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18415; consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 27.5","score":{"value":27.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18416; consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 45","score":{"value":45,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18440; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 75","score":{"value":75,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18441; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 90","score":{"value":90,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18442; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 65","score":{"value":65,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18443; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 230","score":{"value":230,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18467; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 255","score":{"value":255,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18468; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 270","score":{"value":270,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18469; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 245","score":{"value":245,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18470; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 370","score":{"value":370,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18494; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 400","score":{"value":400,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18495; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 410","score":{"value":410,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18496; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 390","score":{"value":390,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18497; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 0.6","score":{"value":0.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18521; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 0.6","score":{"value":0.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18522; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 0.8","score":{"value":0.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18523; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 0.5","score":{"value":0.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18524; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 2.1","score":{"value":2.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18548; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 2.4","score":{"value":2.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18549; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 2.7","score":{"value":2.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18550; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 2.5","score":{"value":2.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18551; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 1.1","score":{"value":1.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18575; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 1.3","score":{"value":1.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18576; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 1.4","score":{"value":1.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18577; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 1.6","score":{"value":1.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18578; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 55","score":{"value":55,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18602; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 80","score":{"value":80,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18603; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 90","score":{"value":90,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18604; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 65","score":{"value":65,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18605; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 260","score":{"value":260,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18629; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 285","score":{"value":285,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18630; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 295","score":{"value":295,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18631; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 275","score":{"value":275,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18632; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 385","score":{"value":385,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18656; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 420","score":{"value":420,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18657; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 410","score":{"value":410,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18658; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 420","score":{"value":420,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18659; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Wesolowski2003-1; sampling ND. Primary study Wesolowski2003: Weso?owski, M., & Konieczynski, P. (2003). Thermal decomposition and elemental composition of medicinal plant materials—Leaves and flowers Principal component analysis of the results. Thermochimica Acta, 397, 171–180.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Wesolowski2003","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CT","DC","DE","IL","IN","KY","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","NC","NH","NJ","NY","OH","PA","RI","TN","VA","VT","WA","WI","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CNT — 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importation and field experimentation for scientific, educational, or other approved purposes under prescribed conditions.","sourceUrl":"https://www.maine.gov/sos/sites/maine.gov.sos/files/rules/001c273-2022-092.docx"},{"kind":"material-scope-exception","statement":"Preserved herbarium specimens and material preserved by other means are exempt from Chapter 273.","sourceUrl":"https://www.maine.gov/sos/sites/maine.gov.sos/files/rules/001c273-2022-092.docx"}],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa-with-exceptions","exceptionReview":"reviewed-not-excepted","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; Chapter 273 defines species to include synonyms, subspecies, hybrids, varieties, forms, and cultivars, but FireApproved publishes only this unique exact species match; the rule provides a committee exemption process for researched subordinate taxa and no current approved-exemption roster was located"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"prohibited","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"]},"authority":"Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources","source":"massachusetts-prohibited-plant-list-2026-05","sourceRecordId":"massachusetts:041:tussilago-farfara","sourceVersion":"Massachusetts-Prohibited-Plant-List-May-2026","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Tussilago farfara","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"Massachusetts Prohibited Plant List","label":"Prohibited"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-prohibited-plant-list","https://www.mass.gov/files/csv/2026-05/prohibitedplantlistMay2026.csv"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank source scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; the official page applies the list to cultivars, varieties, and hybrids, while FireApproved publishes only this unique exact species match; activity, timing, operator, and permit conditions are modeled separately from taxonomic scope"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae11115","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Tussilago farfara","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021ffk), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=TUFA"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["regions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6"]},"authority":"Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board","source":"washington-wac-16-750-2026","sourceRecordId":"wac-16-750-011:tussilago-farfara","sourceVersion":"WAC-16-750-current-through-2026-list-amendments","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Tussilago farfara","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"Class B","label":"Class B — designated throughout WAC regions 1–6"},"associatedReferences":["https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=16-750-011"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","legalScope":"named-taxon-only","notes":"unique exact same-rank federal scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection; complete Class B scope was reviewed and proves unqualified coverage of WAC regions 1–6; scoped and exception-bearing rows are retained in review data but never projected"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"ME","status":"noxious-listed","source":"maine-chapter-273-invasive-plants-2022-092"},{"state":"MA","status":"noxious-listed","source":"massachusetts-prohibited-plant-list-2026-05"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"WA","status":"noxious-listed","source":"washington-wac-16-750-2026"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}