{"id":"toona-sinensis","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Toona sinensis","commonNames":["Toona sinensis"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Toona sinensis","family":"Meliaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":7271504},"regions":["China"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","evidence":[{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 302","score":{"value":302,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17486; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 328","score":{"value":328,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17489; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 327","score":{"value":327,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17492; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 188.25","score":{"value":188.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17494; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 136.33","score":{"value":136.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17498; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 113.25","score":{"value":113.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17502; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 92","score":{"value":92,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17505; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 39.4","score":{"value":39.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17510; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 47.2","score":{"value":47.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17513; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 51.1","score":{"value":51.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17516; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 23.4","score":{"value":23.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17518; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 30","score":{"value":30,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17522; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 21.7","score":{"value":21.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17526; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate per area (g/m² s): 23.3","score":{"value":23.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate per area (g/m² s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17529; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.0005","score":{"value":0.0005,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17534; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.00085","score":{"value":0.00085,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17537; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.001066667","score":{"value":0.001066667,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17540; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.00125","score":{"value":0.00125,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 17543; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Lizhong2007-1; sampling ND. Primary study Lizhong2007: Lizhong, Y., Zaifu, G., Yupeng, Z., & Weicheng, F. (2007). The influence of different external heating ways on pyrolysis and spontaneous ignition of some woods. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 78, 40–45.","original":"Lizhong2007","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"FLAMITS measurements are retained as non-voting evidence; the database publishes no cross-variable directional threshold."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}