{"id":"thuja-plicata","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Thuja plicata","commonNames":["Western arborvitae"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Thuja plicata","family":"Cupressaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"THPL","gbifKey":2684171,"itisTsn":18044,"wikidataQid":"Q147417","inatTaxonId":48252},"usdaZoneMin":"5a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["AK","CA","DC","DE","ID","MD","MT","NJ","OH","OR","PA","WA","WV"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 70 — Subarctic America","TDWG level 3 ASK — Alaska"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 IDA — Idaho"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MNT — Montana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WAS — Washington"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"thuja-plicata","sourceTaxon":"Thuja plicata","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"5","maximum":"7","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Thuja plicata","sourceTaxon":"Thuja plicata","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"THPL","sourceTaxon":"Thuja plicata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15304, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":100,"sun":"full","waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/thuja-plicata.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/385292744","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/217719394","license":"cc0","attribution":"no rights reserved","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"NOT Firewise (4)","claims":"Fast growing screen in hot, dry, sunny locations. Excellent tall screen. Deer will eat lower branches in winter.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Reported to have some deer resistance; adapts to urban sites; fast growth.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"keep 30 ft from the home (Zone 3)","scheme":"b921-siting"},"edition":"2006","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"msu-e2948","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"considered wildfire-resistant and are recommended for Michigan’s climate","claims":"Table 1 row: Thuja plicata (Western red cedar).","edition":"New, January 2007","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","documentDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4815.13","score":{"value":4815.13,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5655; Combustibility measurement; plant part bark; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Kelsey1979-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kelsey1979: Kelsey, R. G., Shafizadeh, F., & Lowery, D. P. (1979). Heat content of bark, twigs, and foliage of nine species of western conifers. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research Paper INT-261. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Kelsey1979","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4839.01","score":{"value":4839.01,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5656; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Kelsey1979-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kelsey1979: Kelsey, R. G., Shafizadeh, F., & Lowery, D. P. (1979). Heat content of bark, twigs, and foliage of nine species of western conifers. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research Paper INT-261. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Kelsey1979","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 5350.14","score":{"value":5350.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5657; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Kelsey1979-1; sampling ND. Primary study Kelsey1979: Kelsey, R. G., Shafizadeh, F., & Lowery, D. P. (1979). Heat content of bark, twigs, and foliage of nine species of western conifers. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research Paper INT-261. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Kelsey1979","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.4","score":{"value":5.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16480; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 20.8","score":{"value":20.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16481; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 0.4","score":{"value":0.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16482; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.7","score":{"value":3.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16483; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel dead; predrying no; device flat flame burner; site Fazeli2022-1; sampling september to february. Primary study Fazeli2022: Fazeli, H., Jolly, W. M., & Blunck, D. L. (2022). Stages and time-scales of ignition and burning of live fuels for different convective heat fluxes. Fuel, 324, 124490.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Fazeli2022","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 725","score":{"value":725,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19131; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hao2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hao2020: Hao, H., Chow, C. L., & Lau, D. (2020). Effect of heat flux on combustion of different wood species. Fuel, 278, 118325.","original":"Hao2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 50","score":{"value":50,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19132; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hao2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hao2020: Hao, H., Chow, C. L., & Lau, D. (2020). Effect of heat flux on combustion of different wood species. Fuel, 278, 118325.","original":"Hao2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19133; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hao2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hao2020: Hao, H., Chow, C. L., & Lau, D. (2020). Effect of heat flux on combustion of different wood species. Fuel, 278, 118325.","original":"Hao2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 98.1","score":{"value":98.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19140; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hao2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hao2020: Hao, H., Chow, C. L., & Lau, D. (2020). Effect of heat flux on combustion of different wood species. Fuel, 278, 118325.","original":"Hao2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 126.9","score":{"value":126.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19141; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hao2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hao2020: Hao, H., Chow, C. L., & Lau, D. (2020). Effect of heat flux on combustion of different wood species. Fuel, 278, 118325.","original":"Hao2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 186","score":{"value":186,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19142; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hao2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hao2020: Hao, H., Chow, C. L., & Lau, D. (2020). Effect of heat flux on combustion of different wood species. Fuel, 278, 118325.","original":"Hao2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.02","score":{"value":0.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19149; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hao2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hao2020: Hao, H., Chow, C. L., & Lau, D. (2020). Effect of heat flux on combustion of different wood species. Fuel, 278, 118325.","original":"Hao2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.06","score":{"value":0.06,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19150; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hao2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hao2020: Hao, H., Chow, C. L., & Lau, D. (2020). Effect of heat flux on combustion of different wood species. Fuel, 278, 118325.","original":"Hao2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.07","score":{"value":0.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 19151; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hao2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hao2020: Hao, H., Chow, C. L., & Lau, D. (2020). Effect of heat flux on combustion of different wood species. Fuel, 278, 118325.","original":"Hao2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"disputed","recommendation":"conflict","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AK","CA","DC","DE","ID","MD","MT","NJ","OH","OR","PA","WA","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 70 — Subarctic America","TDWG level 3 ASK — Alaska"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["ID"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 IDA — Idaho"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MNT — Montana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ORE — Oregon"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 73 — Northwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WAS — Washington"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK","CA","DC","DE","ID","MD","MT","NJ","OH","OR","PA","WA","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"5a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"5","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"thuja-plicata","sourceTaxon":"Thuja plicata","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"5","maximum":"7","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Thuja plicata","sourceTaxon":"Thuja plicata","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"THPL","sourceTaxon":"Thuja plicata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15304, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"overlapping","assertions":[{"minimum":"5","maximum":"7","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"msu-e2948","sourceRecordId":"tree:Thuja plicata","sourceTaxon":"Thuja plicata","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Table 1, tree row","sourceVersion":"New, January 2007","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"THPL","sourceTaxon":"Thuja plicata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 15304, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"conflict","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"msu-e2948","sourceName":"Wildfire-resistant Landscape Plants for Michigan (Extension Bulletin E2948)","sourceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714035839/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/mi_wildfire_resistant.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MI"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E2948 is explicitly a list of wildfire-resistant landscape plants for Michigan and includes a Michigan-native field. FireApproved publishes 221 exact GBIF owners from 226 represented source rows and holds 15 complex or non-exact rows. This dated publication scope is not a current site-suitability determination.","sourceVersion":"MSU-Extension-E2948-2007","asOf":"2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Bulletin-921-2006","asOf":"2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["AK","CA","ID","MT","OR","WA"],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}