{"id":"schinus-molle","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Schinus molle","commonNames":["California pepper"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Schinus molle","family":"Anacardiaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"SCMO","gbifKey":3190642},"states":["CA","FL","HI","PR","TX"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 6 — PACIFIC","TDWG level 2 63 — North-Central Pacific","TDWG level 3 HAW — Hawaii"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 8 — SOUTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 81 — Caribbean","TDWG level 3 PUE — Puerto Rico"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae10407","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Schinus molle","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021ejk), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=SCMO"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae10408","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Schinus molle","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021ejk), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=SCMO"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"plantForm":"tree","evidence":[{"source":"maire-1962-landscape-to-prevent-fire","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"PLANTS FOR FIRE PROTECTION","claims":"Schinus molle (California pepper) appears in the source's conditioned examples for landscaping irrigated hillsides. Fuel volume is to be minimized, plants watered to their needs, and accumulated litter removed.","plantPart":"whole-plant","condition":"green","sourcePlacement":{"value":"irrigated hillsides","scheme":"maire-1968-fire-protection-landscape"},"edition":"AXT-254","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d02962519x","documentDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"RECOMENDADA","claims":"Schinus molle is rated “RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"RECOMMENDED by 12 references for use in high fire risk areas.","claims":"1997 Landscape Vegetation Database row: Schinus molle (Pepper Tree). Preserved UCFPL transcription marker: F12.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Chapter 4, Landscape Vegetation Database","scheme":"ucfpl-1997"},"edition":"Internal Report 36.01.137 (July 1997)","url":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","documentDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA","FL","HI","PR","TX"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 6 — PACIFIC","TDWG level 2 63 — North-Central Pacific","TDWG level 3 HAW — Hawaii"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"introduced","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 8 — SOUTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 81 — Caribbean","TDWG level 3 PUE — Puerto Rico"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA","FL","HI","PR","TX"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae10407","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Schinus molle","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021ejk), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=SCMO"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"widespread-invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae10408","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2022-05-09T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Schinus molle","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"E","label":"widespread invasive (category E)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021ejk), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=SCMO"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"lubin-shelly-1997-ucfpl-compilation","sourceName":"Defensible Space Landscaping in the Urban/Wildland Interface: A Compilation of Fire Performance Ratings of Residential Landscape Plants","sourceUrl":"https://www.firesafemonterey.org/uploads/1/0/6/5/10653434/uc_forestproductslabdefensiblespaceplantlist_ocr.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The UC Forest Products Laboratory says the guide covers properties of common California landscaping plants and was prepared for California fire agencies. FireApproved publishes 130 exact owners at historical California publication scope. The report is a 1997 compilation, not a current endorsement, site rating, or independent test of every row.","sourceVersion":"UCFPL-Internal-Report-36.01.137-1997-07","asOf":"1997-07-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"maire-1962-landscape-to-prevent-fire","verdict":"recommend","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d02962519x","claims":"Schinus molle (California pepper) appears in the source's conditioned examples for landscaping irrigated hillsides. Fuel volume is to be minimized, plants watered to their needs, and accumulated litter removed.","evidenceIndex":0}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}