{"id":"sambucus-pubens","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Sambucus pubens","commonNames":["Northern elderberry"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Sambucus racemosa","family":"Viburnaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"SARA2","gbifKey":8250865,"itisTsn":35326,"wikidataQid":"Q157276","inatTaxonId":362526},"usdaZoneMin":"4a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["AK","AZ","CA","CO","CT","DC","DE","GA","IA","ID","IL","IN","KY","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","MT","NC","ND","NH","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OR","PA","RI","SD","TN","UT","VA","VT","WA","WI","WV","WY"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"sambucus-pubens","sourceTaxon":"Sambucus pubens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","matureHeightFt":8,"sun":"full","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/sambucus-pubens.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/264050510","license":"cc-by-sa","attribution":"(c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"AT RISK Firewise (3)","claims":"Red non-edible fruit in spikes.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ2","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"L flammability","claims":"Less heat tolerant than Elderberry listed previously; tolerates various soils.","edition":"2006","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session). iNaturalist lists Sambucus racemosa under Sambucus racemosa pubens."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AK","AZ","CA","CO","CT","DC","DE","GA","IA","ID","IL","IN","KY","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","MT","NC","ND","NH","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OR","PA","RI","SD","TN","UT","VA","VT","WA","WI","WV","WY"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AK","AZ","CA","CO","CT","DC","DE","GA","IA","ID","IL","IN","KY","MA","MD","ME","MI","MN","MO","MT","NC","ND","NH","NJ","NM","NV","NY","OH","OR","PA","RI","SD","TN","UT","VA","VT","WA","WI","WV","WY"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"4a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"sambucus-pubens","sourceTaxon":"Sambucus pubens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"unresolved-applicability","assertions":[{"minimum":"4","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"sambucus-pubens","sourceTaxon":"Sambucus pubens","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"osu-b921","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Bulletin-921-2006","asOf":"2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}