{"id":"rubus-fruticosus-agg","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Rubus fruticosus agg.","commonNames":["Blackberry"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Rubus fruticosus","family":"Rosaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"RUFR80","gbifKey":8436459,"itisTsn":504851,"wikidataQid":"Q13541716","inatTaxonId":55911},"regions":["New Zealand","United Kingdom"],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"US","status":"noxious-listed","source":"usda-plants"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"federal","regions":["United States"]},"authority":"USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","source":"usda-aphis-federal-noxious-7-cfr-360-200","sourceRecordId":"7-cfr-360.200:rubus-fruticosus","sourceVersion":"7 CFR 360.200, eCFR up to date 2026-08-24","asOf":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Rubus fruticosus","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"7 CFR 360.200","label":"Federal noxious weed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-7/subtitle-B/chapter-III/part-360/section-360.200"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank federal scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection"}}],"plantForm":"shrub","uses":["fruit"],"photo":{"file":"/images/plants/rubus-fruticosus-agg.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/41532964","license":"cc0","attribution":"no rights reserved, uploaded by Tobias Schönberg","fetchedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fenz-low-flammability","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Low/moderate flammability","claims":"Low/moderate flammability classification.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"2026","url":"https://www.checkitsalright.nz/reduce-your-risk/low-flammability-plants","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15826; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Belcher2017-1; sampling . Primary study Belcher2017: Belcher, C. M., & Hudspith, V. A. (2017). Changes to Cretaceous surface fire behaviour influenced the spread of the early angiosperms. New Phytologist, 213, 1521-1532.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Belcher2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3494.31","score":{"value":3494.31,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 15830; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Belcher2017-1; sampling . Primary study Belcher2017: Belcher, C. M., & Hudspith, V. A. (2017). Changes to Cretaceous surface fire behaviour influenced the spread of the early angiosperms. New Phytologist, 213, 1521-1532.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Belcher2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo selected from license-verified candidates and human-reviewed 2026-08-24 (joint session)."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"US","status":"noxious-listed","source":"usda-plants"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"noxious-listed","channel":"regulatory","geography":{"grain":"federal","regions":["United States"]},"authority":"USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","source":"usda-aphis-federal-noxious-7-cfr-360-200","sourceRecordId":"7-cfr-360.200:rubus-fruticosus","sourceVersion":"7 CFR 360.200, eCFR up to date 2026-08-24","asOf":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Rubus fruticosus","rank":"species","rawRank":"species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"7 CFR 360.200","label":"Federal noxious weed"},"associatedReferences":["https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-7/subtitle-B/chapter-III/part-360/section-360.200"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"accepted-name","legalScope":"includes-subordinate-taxa","exceptionReview":"not-applicable","notes":"unique exact same-rank federal scientific/accepted name match; no subordinate projection"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"US","status":"noxious-listed","source":"usda-aphis-federal-noxious-7-cfr-360-200"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}