{"id":"raphiolepis-indica","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Raphiolepis indica","commonNames":["Indian hawthorne"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Rhaphiolepis indica","family":"Rosaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"RHIN21","gbifKey":5371542,"itisTsn":836493,"wikidataQid":"Q3205640","inatTaxonId":179305},"usdaZoneMin":"8a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"8","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"raphiolepis-indica","sourceTaxon":"Raphiolepis indica","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"shrub","matureHeightFt":3,"sun":"full","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/raphiolepis-indica.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/575797625","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/317843849","license":"cc0","attribution":"no rights reserved","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"AT RISK Firewise (3)","claims":"Used in adverse landscape locations-waxy pink flowers.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ2","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"H flammability","claims":"Salt and wind tolerant. Use in warm climates.","edition":"2009","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ozbreed-fire-retardant-plants","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"List 2 — Cosmic White™ Raphiolepis indica 'RAPH01' A","claims":"The review says this genus and species appears regularly on multiple fire-retardant plant lists.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"2014 PDF","url":"https://www.ozbreed.com.au/download/fire_retardant_plants.pdf","documentDate":"2014-01-23T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fire-Resistant Plants","claims":"Listed as Indian Hawthorn — Rhaphiolepis indica. The bulletin says fire-resistant plants tend to resist ignition when irrigated and maintained, while fire-prone plants may ignite readily and burn intensely.","plantPart":"whole-plant","edition":"v1.2","url":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","documentDate":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"medium","claims":"The table rates Indian Hawthorne — Rhaphiolepis indica medium for flammability hazard, defined as the ease a plant can burn at high temperatures for a prolonged time.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Shrubs","scheme":"Sun City plant-table sections"},"edition":"updated January 14, 2015","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf","documentDate":"2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"canberra-plant-selector","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Fire Retardant — Yes — Raphiolepis indica","claims":"The live Canberra Plant Selector marks “Raphiolepis indica” as “Fire Retardant: Yes.”","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"filtered result page 9","scheme":"canberra-selector"},"edition":"live tool capture 2026-08-25","url":"https://plantselector.com.au/browse-plants/?fire_retardant%5B0%5D=1","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["DC","DE","MD","NJ","OH","PA","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"8a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"8","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"raphiolepis-indica","sourceTaxon":"Raphiolepis indica","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"unresolved-applicability","assertions":[{"minimum":"8","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"raphiolepis-indica","sourceTaxon":"Raphiolepis indica","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015","sourceName":"Firewise Plant Guide","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["Sun City Texas, Georgetown"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The guide is authored for the Sun City Texas community in Georgetown. FireApproved publishes 142 exact owners only as community-level context. It is an archived HOA exhibit with unknown rating lineage, not a current statewide Texas source or an independent Tier 1 determination.","sourceVersion":"Sun-City-Texas-Firewise-guide-2015-01-14","asOf":"2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","sourceName":"Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Virginia Cooperative Extension's publication opens with Virginia wildfire conditions, identifies its Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force, and labels plants native to Virginia. FireApproved publishes 306 exact source owners. Publication scope does not establish parcel suitability or current endorsement of this archived 2009 list.","sourceVersion":"Virginia-VCE-430-300-2009","asOf":"2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"yavapai-34","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant and Fire-Prone Plants Common to Yavapai County (Bulletin 34)","sourceUrl":"https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["AZ"],"regions":["Yavapai County"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"University of Arizona Cooperative Extension authors Bulletin 34 for Yavapai County. FireApproved publishes 198 exact source owners from its resistant and prone tables and keeps the county boundary visible. County publication scope is regional Arizona context, never statewide scope.","sourceVersion":"UA-Yavapai-Bulletin-34-v1.2-2025-03-14","asOf":"2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}