{"id":"quercus-suber","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Quercus suber","commonNames":["Cork oak"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Quercus suber","family":"Fagaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"QUSU5","gbifKey":2879411,"itisTsn":19430,"wikidataQid":"Q156137","inatTaxonId":50868},"states":["HI","LA"],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae10090","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Quercus suber","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dyz), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=QUSU5"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}},{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae10091","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Quercus suber","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dyz), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=QUSU5"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"}}],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/quercus-suber.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/224459081","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131859030","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"valette-1990","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"INRA inflammability note 4 of 5 (July-September maximum)","score":{"value":4,"scale":"inra-0-5"},"claims":"Monthly inflammability notes May-April: 0, 2, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5 (epiradiator tests, INRA Avignon).","claimOriginal":"hautement inflammable","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"1990","url":"https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03426210","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"dehane-2017-cork-oak-companions","verdict":"mixed","verdictRaw":"Measured in condition-dependent clusters; no overall directional class","claims":"Fresh and oven-dried shoot flammability was measured; condition-dependent cluster changes were not collapsed into a low verdict.","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"2017","url":"https://hal.science/hal-02976554/document","documentDate":"2017-08-04T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"molina-2017-ignition-index","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"Extremely flammable (Valette 5)","score":{"value":5,"scale":"valette-0-5-live-leaf"},"claims":"Table 2 reports 87.14% foliar moisture, 7.48 s mean time to ignition, and 13.96 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.","plantPart":"leaf","condition":"green","edition":"2017","url":"https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/10396/27022/3/","documentDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"RECOMENDADA","claims":"Quercus suber is rated “RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"henaoui-cistus-tlemcen","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"High flammability — note 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"henaoui-2013-flammability-note-1-3"},"claims":"Table 1 classifies Quercus suber at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.","condition":"green","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Table 1","scheme":"henaoui-2013-fresh-material-flammability"},"edition":"European Scientific Journal 9(29)","url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/1917/1917/0","documentDate":"2013-10-30T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 89","score":{"value":89,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 657; Ignitability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Benhalima2020: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2020). Characterization of flammability parameters of cork by the mass loss calorimeter technique. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, 152, 22-25.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Benhalima2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 2006","score":{"value":2006,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 658; Sustainability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Benhalima2020: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2020). Characterization of flammability parameters of cork by the mass loss calorimeter technique. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, 152, 22-25.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Benhalima2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 208","score":{"value":208,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 659; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Benhalima2020: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2020). Characterization of flammability parameters of cork by the mass loss calorimeter technique. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, 152, 22-25.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Benhalima2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 6742.35","score":{"value":6742.35,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 660; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Benhalima2020: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2020). Characterization of flammability parameters of cork by the mass loss calorimeter technique. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, 152, 22-25.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Benhalima2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.02","score":{"value":0.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 661; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Benhalima2020: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2020). Characterization of flammability parameters of cork by the mass loss calorimeter technique. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, 152, 22-25.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Benhalima2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 66","score":{"value":66,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 662; Consumability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Benhalima2020: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2020). Characterization of flammability parameters of cork by the mass loss calorimeter technique. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, 152, 22-25.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Benhalima2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 89","score":{"value":89,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2284; Ignitability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dehane2015: Dehane, B., Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., Bouhraoua, R., & Guijarro, M. (2015). New bench-scale protocols for characterizing bark flammability and fire resistance in trees: application to Algerian cork. Journal of Fire Sciences, 33, 202-217.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Dehane2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 2006","score":{"value":2006,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2285; Sustainability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dehane2015: Dehane, B., Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., Bouhraoua, R., & Guijarro, M. (2015). New bench-scale protocols for characterizing bark flammability and fire resistance in trees: application to Algerian cork. Journal of Fire Sciences, 33, 202-217.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Dehane2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"energy flux (kW/m²): 65","score":{"value":65,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2286; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dehane2015: Dehane, B., Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., Bouhraoua, R., & Guijarro, M. (2015). New bench-scale protocols for characterizing bark flammability and fire resistance in trees: application to Algerian cork. Journal of Fire Sciences, 33, 202-217.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Dehane2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.02","score":{"value":0.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2287; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dehane2015: Dehane, B., Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., Bouhraoua, R., & Guijarro, M. (2015). New bench-scale protocols for characterizing bark flammability and fire resistance in trees: application to Algerian cork. Journal of Fire Sciences, 33, 202-217.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Dehane2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 66","score":{"value":66,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2288; Consumability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dehane2015: Dehane, B., Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., Bouhraoua, R., & Guijarro, M. (2015). New bench-scale protocols for characterizing bark flammability and fire resistance in trees: application to Algerian cork. Journal of Fire Sciences, 33, 202-217.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Dehane2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 208","score":{"value":208,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2289; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2015-1; sampling ND. Primary study Dehane2015: Dehane, B., Madrigal, J., Hernando, C., Bouhraoua, R., & Guijarro, M. (2015). New bench-scale protocols for characterizing bark flammability and fire resistance in trees: application to Algerian cork. Journal of Fire Sciences, 33, 202-217.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Dehane2015","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.7","score":{"value":6.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2297; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 3045.28","score":{"value":3045.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2307; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 251.12","score":{"value":251.12,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2317; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 94","score":{"value":94,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2327; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 27","score":{"value":27,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2337; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 341.07","score":{"value":341.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2347; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 102.07","score":{"value":102.07,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2357; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 97.03","score":{"value":97.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2367; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dehane2017-1; sampling september. Primary study Dehane2017: Dehane, B., Hernando, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2017). Flammability of some companion species in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests. Annals of Forest Science, 74, 60.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Dehane2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 482.39","score":{"value":482.39,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2388; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 525.8","score":{"value":525.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2389; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 515.82","score":{"value":515.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2390; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 414.51","score":{"value":414.51,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2391; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 117.7","score":{"value":117.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2409; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 119.41","score":{"value":119.41,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2410; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 111.29","score":{"value":111.29,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2411; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 111.14","score":{"value":111.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2412; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 8.15","score":{"value":8.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3315; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Essaghi2017-4; sampling january. Primary study Essaghi2017: Essaghi, S., Hachmi, M. H., Yessef, M., Dehhaoui, M., & El Amarty, F. (2017). Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index. Forests, 8, 443.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Essaghi2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 14.9","score":{"value":14.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3328; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Essaghi2017-4; sampling january. Primary study Essaghi2017: Essaghi, S., Hachmi, M. H., Yessef, M., Dehhaoui, M., & El Amarty, F. (2017). Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index. Forests, 8, 443.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Essaghi2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4922.61","score":{"value":4922.61,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3923; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Gillon1997-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Gillon1997: Gillon, D., Hernando, C., Valette, J.-C., & Joffre, R. (1997). Fast estimation of the calorific values of forest fuels by near infrared-reflectance spectroscopy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 760-765.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Gillon1997","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.4","score":{"value":2.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4722; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 22","score":{"value":22,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4779; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 13.6","score":{"value":13.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4780; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 2.97","score":{"value":2.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4789; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Hachmi2011-1; sampling ND. Primary study Hachmi2011: Hachmi, M. H., Sesbou, A., Benjelloun, H., El Handouz, N., & Bouanane, F. (2011). A Simple Technique to Estimate the Flammability Index of Moroccan Forest Fuels. Journal of Combustion, 2011, 1-11.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Hachmi2011","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 34.48","score":{"value":34.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4893; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 49.77","score":{"value":49.77,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4931; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 96.2","score":{"value":96.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4969; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device infrared burner; site Henaoui2013-1; sampling spring. Primary study Henaoui2013: Henaoui, S. E. -A., Bouazza, M., & Amara, M. (2013). The fire risk of the plant groupings with Cistus in the area of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). European Scientific Journal, 9, 84-103.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Henaoui2013","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 32","score":{"value":32,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7791; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling may. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7792; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling july. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 26","score":{"value":26,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7793; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling august. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 14","score":{"value":14,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7794; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling september. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 17","score":{"value":17,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7795; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling october. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 20","score":{"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7796; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling november. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 4887","score":{"value":4887,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7915; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling ND. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 4","score":{"value":4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 7964; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling ND. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 88","score":{"value":88,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8186; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling may. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 96","score":{"value":96,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8187; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling july. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 92","score":{"value":92,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8188; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling august. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8189; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling september. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 100","score":{"value":100,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8190; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling october. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 99","score":{"value":99,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8191; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Martin1989-1; sampling november. Primary study Martin1989: Martín, E., & Miguel, L. (1989). Inflamabilidad y energía de las especies de sotobosque","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Martin1989","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 126","score":{"value":126,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8968; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Massari1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Massari1998: Massari, G., & Leopaldi, A. (1998). Leaf flammability in Mediterranean species. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 132, 29-38.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Massari1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 408","score":{"value":408,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 8985; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Massari1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Massari1998: Massari, G., & Leopaldi, A. (1998). Leaf flammability in Mediterranean species. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 132, 29-38.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Massari1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smoke (s): 15","score":{"value":15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smoke (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9002; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Massari1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Massari1998: Massari, G., & Leopaldi, A. (1998). Leaf flammability in Mediterranean species. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 132, 29-38.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Massari1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 249","score":{"value":249,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9019; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Massari1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Massari1998: Massari, G., & Leopaldi, A. (1998). Leaf flammability in Mediterranean species. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 132, 29-38.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Massari1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 82","score":{"value":82,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9035; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Massari1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Massari1998: Massari, G., & Leopaldi, A. (1998). Leaf flammability in Mediterranean species. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 132, 29-38.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Massari1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum flame temperature (°C): 345","score":{"value":345,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9051; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Massari1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study Massari1998: Massari, G., & Leopaldi, A. (1998). Leaf flammability in Mediterranean species. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 132, 29-38.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Massari1998","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 7.48","score":{"value":7.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9306; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 13.96","score":{"value":13.96,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9324; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9342; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2017-1; sampling summer. Primary study Molina2017: Molina, J. R., Martín, T., Rodríguez Y Silva, F., & Herrera, M. Á. (2017). The ignition index based on flammability of vegetation improves planning in the wildland-urban interface: A case study in Southern Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 129-138.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Molina2017","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 69.33","score":{"value":69.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9344; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 79","score":{"value":79,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9345; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 95.5","score":{"value":95.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9346; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 109.92","score":{"value":109.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9347; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 112.45","score":{"value":112.45,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9348; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 114.42","score":{"value":114.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9349; Combustibility measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 95.82","score":{"value":95.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9350; Consumability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 91.79","score":{"value":91.79,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9351; Consumability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 89.6","score":{"value":89.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9352; Consumability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 84.92","score":{"value":84.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9353; Consumability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 84.28","score":{"value":84.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9354; Consumability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 80.47","score":{"value":80.47,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9355; Consumability measurement; plant part outer bark; fuel dead; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Molina2018-1; sampling ND. Primary study Molina2018: Molina, J. R., Prades, C., Lora, Á., & Silva, F. R. (2018).  Quercus suber cork as a keystone trait for fire response: A flammability analysis using bench and field scales. Forest Ecology and Management, 429, 384-393.","plantPart":"bark","original":"Molina2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 3","score":{"value":3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13353; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Valette1990-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes. Conséquences sur la combustibilité des formations forestières. Revue forestière française, 42, 76-92.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Valette1990","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13354; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Valette1990-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes. Conséquences sur la combustibilité des formations forestières. Revue forestière française, 42, 76-92.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Valette1990","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 14.77","score":{"value":14.77,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13373; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 12.34","score":{"value":12.34,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13374; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.52","score":{"value":6.52,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13375; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 4.73","score":{"value":4.73,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13376; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.23","score":{"value":3.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13377; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.25","score":{"value":2.25,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13378; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 28.14","score":{"value":28.14,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16773; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 89.88","score":{"value":89.88,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16774; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"calorific value (kcal/kg): 1796.121145","score":{"value":1796.121145,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16775; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 97.02","score":{"value":97.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16776; Consumability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Benhalima2019-1; sampling september 2017. Primary study Benhalima2019: Benhalima, Y., & Dehane, B. (2019). Flammability of certain conifers and oak species of north west Algeria. Proceedings of the X International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2019”. Jahorina.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Benhalima2019","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 61","score":{"value":61,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 18334; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Delabraze1974-1; sampling june to september 1974. Primary study Delabraze1974: Delabraze, P., & Valette, J. -C. (1974). Inflammabilitéet combustibilitéde la végétation forestière méditerranéenne. Revue Forestiere Française, 26, 171–177.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Delabraze1974","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"highly-flammable","ratingReason":"majority","recommendation":"avoid","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["HI","LA"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["HI","LA"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis"}],"statusAssertions":[{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["HI"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-HI-Plantae10090","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Quercus suber","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dyz), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=QUSU5"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"},{"status":"invasive","channel":"ecological","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","regions":["L48"]},"source":"us-riis-v2","sourceRecordId":"USRIIS-L48-Plantae10091","sourceVersion":"2.0 (November 2022)","asOf":"2022-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","sourceModified":"2017-11-21T00:00:00.000Z","sourceTaxon":{"name":"Quercus suber","rank":"species","rawRank":"Species"},"sourceDesignation":{"code":"D2","label":"invasive (category D2)"},"associatedReferences":["USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS Database (2021dyz), https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=QUSU5"],"taxonProjection":{"basis":"exact-taxon","notes":"exact source identifier, rank, family, and scientific/accepted name"},"provenance":"cited"}],"fireEvidenceClass":"highly-flammable","recommendation":"avoid","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[{"condition":"green","evidence":[{"source":"molina-2017-ignition-index","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://helvia.uco.es/xmlui/bitstream/10396/27022/3/","claims":"Table 2 reports 87.14% foliar moisture, 7.48 s mean time to ignition, and 13.96 s mean flame duration across 200 live-leaf samples.","evidenceIndex":2},{"source":"henaoui-cistus-tlemcen","verdict":"avoid","url":"https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/1917/1917/0","claims":"Table 1 classifies Quercus suber at flammability note 3; the paper prints its stratum as Tree.","evidenceIndex":4}]}],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[{"state":"HI","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"},{"state":"L48","status":"invasive-reported","source":"us-riis-v2"}]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}