{"id":"quercus-stellata","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Quercus stellata","commonNames":["Post oak"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Quercus stellata","family":"Fagaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"QUST","gbifKey":8879961,"itisTsn":19422,"wikidataQid":"Q2600501","inatTaxonId":119269},"usdaZoneMin":"6a","zoneSource":"fps-2016","states":["AL","AR","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","IA","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","MO","MS","NC","NJ","NY","OH","OK","PA","RI","SC","TN","TX","VA","WV"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARK — Arkansas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CNT — Connecticut"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["DE"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 DEL — Delaware"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 IOW — Iowa"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ILL — Illinois"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 INI — Indiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["KS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 KAN — Kansas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["KY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 KTY — Kentucky"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 LOU — Louisiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAS — Massachusetts"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MO"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSO — Missouri"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSI — Mississippi"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWJ — New Jersey"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 OHI — Ohio"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OK"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 OKL — Oklahoma"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["RI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 RHO — Rhode I."]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEN — Tennessee"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WVA — West Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"quercus-stellata","sourceTaxon":"Quercus stellata","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"5","maximum":"9","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"osu-em-9103","sourceTaxon":"Quercus stellata","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Post Oak profile (PDF page 179)","sourceVersion":"EM 9103, February 2015","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUST","sourceTaxon":"Quercus stellata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70488, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":40,"sun":"full","waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/quercus-stellata.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/43434366","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/27887274","license":"cc0","attribution":"no rights reserved","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"fps-eastern-us","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Firewise (1)","claims":"Glossy green foliage that turns bronze in fall. Foliage is \"cross' shaped.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"LZ3","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"},"edition":"2016-wayback","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"bardon-2005","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"Low flammability rating","edition":"2005","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"L flammability","claims":"Tolerates dry, poor soil conditions; construction tolerant.","edition":"2006","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"L flammability","claims":"Tolerates dry, poor soil conditions.","edition":"2009","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"ncsu-ag874","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"low flammability","original":"bardon-2005","edition":"2025","url":"https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fire-resistant-landscaping-in-north-carolina","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-em-9103","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"fire-resistant plants that thrive in Willamette Valley growing conditions","claims":"The trees profile lists Quercus stellata as Post Oak. The profile prints USDA Hardiness Zone: 5–9.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Post Oak profile (PDF page 179)","scheme":"osu-em-9103-profile"},"edition":"EM 9103, February 2015","url":"https://www.canbyfire.org/files/074d2a9e3/Fire-Resistant-Plants_Willamette-Valley.pdf","documentDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"nc-plant-toolbox","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"low flammability","claims":"NC Toolbox facet capture lists \"Quercus stellata\" under the low flammability tag.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"quercus-stellata","scheme":"nc-toolbox-flammability-facet"},"original":"bardon-2005","edition":"live facet capture accessed 2026-08-23","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-stellata/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 68.4","score":{"value":68.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5453; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kane2008-1; sampling november and december. Primary study Kane2008: Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2008). The burning characteristics of southeastern oaks: Discriminating fire facilitators from fire impeders. Forest Ecology and Management, 256, 2039-2045.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Kane2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 52","score":{"value":52,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5461; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kane2008-1; sampling november and december. Primary study Kane2008: Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2008). The burning characteristics of southeastern oaks: Discriminating fire facilitators from fire impeders. Forest Ecology and Management, 256, 2039-2045.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Kane2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 216.3","score":{"value":216.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5469; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kane2008-1; sampling november and december. Primary study Kane2008: Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2008). The burning characteristics of southeastern oaks: Discriminating fire facilitators from fire impeders. Forest Ecology and Management, 256, 2039-2045.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"mass loss rate (g/s): 0.5","score":{"value":0.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5477; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kane2008-1; sampling november and december. Primary study Kane2008: Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2008). The burning characteristics of southeastern oaks: Discriminating fire facilitators from fire impeders. Forest Ecology and Management, 256, 2039-2045.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 84.9","score":{"value":84.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5485; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying no; device burning bench; site Kane2008-1; sampling november and december. Primary study Kane2008: Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2008). The burning characteristics of southeastern oaks: Discriminating fire facilitators from fire impeders. Forest Ecology and Management, 256, 2039-2045.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kane2008","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 64","score":{"value":64,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5779; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 53","score":{"value":53,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5780; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 64","score":{"value":64,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5781; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 43","score":{"value":43,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5782; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 23","score":{"value":23,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5783; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 23","score":{"value":23,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5784; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 28","score":{"value":28,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5785; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 73","score":{"value":73,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5786; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 90","score":{"value":90,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5787; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 91","score":{"value":91,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5788; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 66","score":{"value":66,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5789; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 54","score":{"value":54,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5790; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 54","score":{"value":54,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5791; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 42","score":{"value":42,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5792; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 76.2","score":{"value":76.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5793; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 45","score":{"value":45,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5794; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 70.2","score":{"value":70.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5795; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 73.8","score":{"value":73.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5796; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 52.8","score":{"value":52.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5797; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 60","score":{"value":60,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5798; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 112.2","score":{"value":112.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5799; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 58.8","score":{"value":58.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5800; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 73.8","score":{"value":73.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5801; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 72","score":{"value":72,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5802; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 55.2","score":{"value":55.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5803; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 70.8","score":{"value":70.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5804; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 100.8","score":{"value":100.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5805; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 142.2","score":{"value":142.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5806; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 304.2","score":{"value":304.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5807; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 169.2","score":{"value":169.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5808; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 585","score":{"value":585,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5809; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 289.8","score":{"value":289.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5810; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 172.8","score":{"value":172.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5811; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 337.8","score":{"value":337.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5812; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 147","score":{"value":147,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5813; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 259.8","score":{"value":259.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5814; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 304.8","score":{"value":304.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5815; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 430.8","score":{"value":430.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5816; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 232.8","score":{"value":232.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5817; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 535.8","score":{"value":535.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5818; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 381","score":{"value":381,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5819; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 226.2","score":{"value":226.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5820; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 82","score":{"value":82,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5821; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 83","score":{"value":83,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5822; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 75","score":{"value":75,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5823; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 68","score":{"value":68,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5824; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 38","score":{"value":38,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5825; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 35","score":{"value":35,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5826; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 32","score":{"value":32,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5827; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88","score":{"value":88,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5828; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 87","score":{"value":87,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5829; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 79","score":{"value":79,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5830; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 75","score":{"value":75,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5831; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 68","score":{"value":68,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5832; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 65","score":{"value":65,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5833; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 53","score":{"value":53,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5834; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 73","score":{"value":73,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5891; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 53","score":{"value":53,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5892; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 32","score":{"value":32,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5893; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 32","score":{"value":32,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5894; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 28","score":{"value":28,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5895; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 31","score":{"value":31,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5896; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 29","score":{"value":29,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5897; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 125","score":{"value":125,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5898; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 86","score":{"value":86,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5899; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 82","score":{"value":82,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5900; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 54","score":{"value":54,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5901; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 63","score":{"value":63,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5902; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 42","score":{"value":42,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5903; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 42","score":{"value":42,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5904; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 0.8","score":{"value":0.8,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5905; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 0.73","score":{"value":0.73,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5906; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.63","score":{"value":1.63,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5907; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.1","score":{"value":1.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5908; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.48","score":{"value":1.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5909; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.27","score":{"value":1.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5910; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.37","score":{"value":1.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5911; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 0.87","score":{"value":0.87,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5912; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.02","score":{"value":1.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5913; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 0.97","score":{"value":0.97,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5914; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.83","score":{"value":1.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5915; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 0.9","score":{"value":0.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5916; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.7","score":{"value":1.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5917; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 1.82","score":{"value":1.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5918; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 4.17","score":{"value":4.17,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5919; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 5.37","score":{"value":5.37,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5920; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 3.75","score":{"value":3.75,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5921; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 3.33","score":{"value":3.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5922; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 3.03","score":{"value":3.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5923; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 2.2","score":{"value":2.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5924; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 1.45","score":{"value":1.45,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5925; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 5.18","score":{"value":5.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5926; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 5.03","score":{"value":5.03,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5927; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 5.7","score":{"value":5.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5928; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 4.58","score":{"value":4.58,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5929; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 3.83","score":{"value":3.83,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5930; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 3.7","score":{"value":3.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5931; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 3.28","score":{"value":3.28,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5932; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 84","score":{"value":84,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5933; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 82","score":{"value":82,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5934; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 55","score":{"value":55,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5935; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 63","score":{"value":63,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5936; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 39","score":{"value":39,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5937; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 42","score":{"value":42,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5938; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 22","score":{"value":22,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5939; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 88","score":{"value":88,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5940; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 90","score":{"value":90,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5941; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 87","score":{"value":87,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5942; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 74","score":{"value":74,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5943; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 58","score":{"value":58,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5944; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 59","score":{"value":59,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5945; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 43","score":{"value":43,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 5946; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Kreye2020-2; sampling July. Primary study Kreye2020: Kreye, J. K., Kane, J. M., Varner, J. M., & Hiers, J. K. (2020). Radiant heating rapidly increases litter flammability through impacts on fuel moisture. Fire Ecology, 16, 1-10.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Kreye2020","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 4.24","score":{"value":4.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9229; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Mola2014-1; sampling may and june. Primary study Mola2014: Mola, J. M., Varner, J. M., Jules, E. S., & Spector, T. (2014). Altered Community Flammability in Florida's Apalachicola Ravines and Implications for the Persistence of the Endangered Conifer Torreya taxifolia. Plos One, 9, 8.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Mola2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 52.1","score":{"value":52.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9246; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Mola2014-1; sampling may and june. Primary study Mola2014: Mola, J. M., Varner, J. M., Jules, E. S., & Spector, T. (2014). Altered Community Flammability in Florida's Apalachicola Ravines and Implications for the Persistence of the Endangered Conifer Torreya taxifolia. Plos One, 9, 8.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Mola2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 99.15","score":{"value":99.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9263; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Mola2014-1; sampling may and june. Primary study Mola2014: Mola, J. M., Varner, J. M., Jules, E. S., & Spector, T. (2014). Altered Community Flammability in Florida's Apalachicola Ravines and Implications for the Persistence of the Endangered Conifer Torreya taxifolia. Plos One, 9, 8.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Mola2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to smouldering (s): 216","score":{"value":216,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to smouldering (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 9280; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Mola2014-1; sampling may and june. Primary study Mola2014: Mola, J. M., Varner, J. M., Jules, E. S., & Spector, T. (2014). Altered Community Flammability in Florida's Apalachicola Ravines and Implications for the Persistence of the Endangered Conifer Torreya taxifolia. Plos One, 9, 8.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Mola2014","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"low","claims":"The table rates Oak, Post — Quercus stellata low for flammability hazard, defined as the ease a plant can burn at high temperatures for a prolonged time.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"Hardwood Trees","scheme":"Sun City plant-table sections"},"edition":"updated January 14, 2015","url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf","documentDate":"2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"fire-resistant","ratingReason":"consensus","recommendation":"on-list","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["AL","AR","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","IA","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","MO","MS","NC","NJ","NY","OH","OK","PA","RI","SC","TN","TX","VA","WV"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ALA — Alabama"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AR"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ARK — Arkansas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CT"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CNT — Connecticut"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["DE"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 DEL — Delaware"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["FL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 FLA — Florida"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["GA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 GEO — Georgia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 IOW — Iowa"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IL"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 ILL — Illinois"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["IN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 INI — Indiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["KS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 KAN — Kansas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["KY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 KTY — Kentucky"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["LA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 LOU — Louisiana"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MAS — Massachusetts"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MD"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MRY — Maryland"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MO"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSO — Missouri"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["MS"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 MSI — Mississippi"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NCA — North Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NJ"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWJ — New Jersey"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NY"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 NWY — New York"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 OHI — Ohio"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OK"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 74 — North-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 OKL — Oklahoma"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["PA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 PEN — Pennsylvania"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["RI"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 RHO — Rhode I."]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["SC"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 SCA — South Carolina"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TN"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEN — Tennessee"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 77 — South-Central U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 TEX — Texas"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 78 — Southeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 VRG — Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["WV"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 75 — Northeastern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 WVA — West Virginia"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["AL","AR","CT","DC","DE","FL","GA","IA","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","MO","MS","NC","NJ","NY","OH","OK","PA","RI","SC","TN","TX","VA","WV"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"6a","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"6","interpretation":"ambiguous-single-value","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"uncertain","applicabilityNotes":"The recovered selector prints one Cold Hardiness Zone value but does not define it as a minimum threshold or a one-zone range.","source":"fps-eastern-us","sourceRecordId":"quercus-stellata","sourceTaxon":"Quercus stellata","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Cold Hardiness Zone field in the recovered selector record","sourceVersion":"2016-wayback","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"5","maximum":"9","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"osu-em-9103","sourceTaxon":"Quercus stellata","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Post Oak profile (PDF page 179)","sourceVersion":"EM 9103, February 2015","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUST","sourceTaxon":"Quercus stellata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70488, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"overlapping","assertions":[{"minimum":"5","maximum":"9","interpretation":"explicit-range","precision":"whole-zone","zoneMapping":"source-stated","applicability":"applicable","source":"osu-em-9103","sourceTaxon":"Quercus stellata","taxonMatch":"exact","sourcePlacement":"Post Oak profile (PDF page 179)","sourceVersion":"EM 9103, February 2015","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"minimum":"3b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":-33,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QUST","sourceTaxon":"Quercus stellata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70488, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"fire-resistant","recommendation":"on-list","fireSourceScopes":[{"source":"ncsu-ag874","sourceName":"Fire-Resistant Landscaping in North Carolina (AG-874)","sourceUrl":"https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fire-resistant-landscaping-in-north-carolina","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["NC"]},"completeness":"complete","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The complete three-table AG-874 plant list is explicitly for North Carolina and contains 202 low-, medium-, or high-flammability rows. FireApproved accounts for all source rows under its strict taxonomy and lineage rules; source scope does not establish local suitability at a particular North Carolina site.","sourceVersion":"AG-874-reviewed-2025-03-26","asOf":"2025-03-26T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-b921","sourceName":"Firewise Landscaping (OSU Extension Bulletin 921)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["OH"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 921 is an Ohio publication that describes Ohio fire seasons and landscape conditions and labels nativity to Ohio. FireApproved publishes 352 exact source-owning plant records from its eight rated tables. This historical publication scope does not assert current extension endorsement or that a listed plant suits every Ohio site.","sourceVersion":"OSU-Extension-Bulletin-921-2006","asOf":"2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"osu-em-9103","sourceName":"Fire-resistant Landscape Plants for the Willamette Valley (EM 9103)","sourceUrl":"https://www.canbyfire.org/files/074d2a9e3/Fire-Resistant-Plants_Willamette-Valley.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["OR"],"regions":["Willamette Valley"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"OSU Extension says EM 9103 highlights fire-resistant plants that thrive under Willamette Valley growing conditions. FireApproved publishes 172 exact owners only as valley context. The guide shares the PNW 590 lineage and is not a second independent vote or statewide site clearance.","sourceVersion":"OSU-EM-9103-2015-02","asOf":"2015-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015","sourceName":"Firewise Plant Guide","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf","geography":{"grain":"aggregate-region","stateCodes":["TX"],"regions":["Sun City Texas, Georgetown"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"The guide is authored for the Sun City Texas community in Georgetown. FireApproved publishes 142 exact owners only as community-level context. It is an archived HOA exhibit with unknown rating lineage, not a current statewide Texas source or an independent Tier 1 determination.","sourceVersion":"Sun-City-Texas-Firewise-guide-2015-01-14","asOf":"2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"va-firescapes","sourceName":"Virginia Firescapes — Firewise Landscaping for Woodland Homes (430-300)","sourceUrl":"http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["VA"]},"completeness":"partial","reviewStatus":"reviewed","scope":"Virginia Cooperative Extension's publication opens with Virginia wildfire conditions, identifies its Virginia Firewise Landscaping Task Force, and labels plants native to Virginia. FireApproved publishes 306 exact source owners. Publication scope does not establish parcel suitability or current endorsement of this archived 2009 list.","sourceVersion":"Virginia-VCE-430-300-2009","asOf":"2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z"}],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["AL","AR","CT","DE","FL","GA","IA","IL","IN","KS","KY","LA","MA","MD","MO","MS","NC","NJ","NY","OH","OK","PA","RI","SC","TN","TX","VA","WV"],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}