{"id":"quercus-pubescens","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Quercus pubescens","commonNames":["Downy oak"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Quercus pubescens","family":"Fagaceae","ids":{"gbifKey":2881283,"wikidataQid":"Q161415","inatTaxonId":125849},"regions":["France","Italy","Mediterranean France","Spain"],"plantForm":"tree","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/quercus-pubescens.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/682717778","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/373564153","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) Gianni Del Bufalo bygdb, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"valette-1990","verdict":"avoid","verdictRaw":"INRA inflammability note 5 of 5 (July-September maximum)","score":{"value":5,"scale":"inra-0-5"},"claims":"Monthly inflammability notes May-April: 0, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 (epiradiator tests, INRA Avignon).","claimOriginal":"extrêmement inflammable","plantPart":"shoot","edition":"1990","url":"https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03426210","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"girona-pirojardineria-2020","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"RECOMENDADA","claims":"Quercus pubescens is rated “RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience.","sourcePlacement":{"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"},"edition":"2020 Spanish edition","url":"https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf","documentDate":"2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 594.56","score":{"value":594.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2384; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 524.76","score":{"value":524.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2385; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 459.46","score":{"value":459.46,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2386; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at flaming (°C): 469.16","score":{"value":469.16,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2387; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 112.27","score":{"value":112.27,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2405; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 110.43","score":{"value":110.43,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2406; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 111.04","score":{"value":111.04,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2407; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"temperature at smoke (°C): 105.2","score":{"value":105.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at smoke (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 2408; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site DeLillis2009-1; sampling june to september. Primary study DeLillis2009: De Lillis, M., Bianco, P. M., & Loreto, F. (2009). The influence of leaf water content and isoprenoids on flammability of some Mediterranean woody species. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 203-212.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"DeLillis2009","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.6","score":{"value":8.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4652; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.23","score":{"value":0.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4665; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 33.5","score":{"value":33.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4675; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.6","score":{"value":8.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4683; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.23","score":{"value":0.23,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 4691; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site Guijarro2002-1; sampling ND. Primary study Guijarro2002: Guijarro, M., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Martínez, E., Madrigal, J., Lampin-Cabaret, C., ... Vega, J. (2002). Flammability of some fuel beds common in the South-European ecosystems.  IV International Conference Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Guijarro2002","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.32","score":{"value":8.32,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10509; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling may to june. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 9.22","score":{"value":9.22,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10510; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling may to june. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"ignition frequency (%): 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — ignition frequency (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10511; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling may to june. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 10512; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Petriccione2006-1; sampling may to june. Primary study Petriccione2006: Petriccione, M. (2006). Infiammabilità della lettiera di diverse specie vegetali di ambiente mediterráneo. Tesi Di Dottorato. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Petriccione2006","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 4","score":{"value":4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13351; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Valette1990-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes. Conséquences sur la combustibilité des formations forestières. Revue forestière française, 42, 76-92.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Valette1990","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flammability value: 5","score":{"value":5,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13352; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Valette1990-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflammabilités des espèces forestières méditerranéennes. Conséquences sur la combustibilité des formations forestières. Revue forestière française, 42, 76-92.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Valette1990","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 8.71","score":{"value":8.71,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13367; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 6.82","score":{"value":6.82,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13368; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 5.76","score":{"value":5.76,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13369; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 3.77","score":{"value":3.77,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13370; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.5","score":{"value":2.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13371; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"time to flaming (s): 2.02","score":{"value":2.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 13372; Ignitability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device epiradiator; site Valette1992-1; sampling may to november. Primary study Valette1992: Valette, J. C. (1992). Inflammabilities of Mediterranean species. In P. Balabanis, R. Eftichidir & R. Fantechi (Eds.), Forest fire risk and management: European school of climatology and natural hazard course. (pp. 51-64). Halkidiki, GR: General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the European Commission.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Valette1992","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 55.55","score":{"value":55.55,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16452; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Pallozzi2018-1; sampling summer 2013. Primary study Pallozzi2018: Pallozzi, E., Lusini, I., Cherubini, L., Hajiaghayeva, R. A., Ciccioli, P., & Calfapietra, C. (2018). Differences between a deciduous and a conifer tree species in gaseous and particulate emissions from biomass burning. Environmental pollution, 234, 457-467.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pallozzi2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 476.72","score":{"value":476.72,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16453; Sustainability measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Pallozzi2018-1; sampling summer 2013. Primary study Pallozzi2018: Pallozzi, E., Lusini, I., Cherubini, L., Hajiaghayeva, R. A., Ciccioli, P., & Calfapietra, C. (2018). Differences between a deciduous and a conifer tree species in gaseous and particulate emissions from biomass burning. Environmental pollution, 234, 457-467.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pallozzi2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burning duration (s): 102.02","score":{"value":102.02,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16454; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Pallozzi2018-1; sampling summer 2013. Primary study Pallozzi2018: Pallozzi, E., Lusini, I., Cherubini, L., Hajiaghayeva, R. A., Ciccioli, P., & Calfapietra, C. (2018). Differences between a deciduous and a conifer tree species in gaseous and particulate emissions from biomass burning. Environmental pollution, 234, 457-467.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Pallozzi2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 600.01","score":{"value":600.01,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16458; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Pallozzi2018-1; sampling summer 2013. Primary study Pallozzi2018: Pallozzi, E., Lusini, I., Cherubini, L., Hajiaghayeva, R. A., Ciccioli, P., & Calfapietra, C. (2018). Differences between a deciduous and a conifer tree species in gaseous and particulate emissions from biomass burning. Environmental pollution, 234, 457-467.","plantPart":"leaf","original":"Pallozzi2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 814.99","score":{"value":814.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16459; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Pallozzi2018-1; sampling summer 2013. Primary study Pallozzi2018: Pallozzi, E., Lusini, I., Cherubini, L., Hajiaghayeva, R. A., Ciccioli, P., & Calfapietra, C. (2018). Differences between a deciduous and a conifer tree species in gaseous and particulate emissions from biomass burning. Environmental pollution, 234, 457-467.","plantPart":"shoot","original":"Pallozzi2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"maximum sample temperature (°C): 557.93","score":{"value":557.93,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum sample temperature (°C)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 16460; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Pallozzi2018-1; sampling summer 2013. Primary study Pallozzi2018: Pallozzi, E., Lusini, I., Cherubini, L., Hajiaghayeva, R. A., Ciccioli, P., & Calfapietra, C. (2018). Differences between a deciduous and a conifer tree species in gaseous and particulate emissions from biomass burning. Environmental pollution, 234, 457-467.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Pallozzi2018","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"disputed","recommendation":"conflict","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":[],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[],"usdaZoneMin":null,"usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"none","assertions":[]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"conflict","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":[],"invasiveIn":[]},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}