{"id":"quercus-lobata","license":"CC-BY-4.0","data":{"scientificName":"Quercus lobata","commonNames":["Valley oak","California white oak"],"taxonRank":"species","acceptedName":"Quercus lobata","family":"Fagaceae","ids":{"usdaSymbol":"QULO","gbifKey":2878373,"itisTsn":19370,"wikidataQid":"Q1377986","inatTaxonId":49011},"usdaZoneMin":"7b","zoneSource":"usda-plants","states":["CA","NC"],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z"}],"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QULO","sourceTaxon":"Quercus lobata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70344, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z"}],"plantForm":"tree","matureHeightFt":100,"waterNeed":"moderate","photo":{"file":"/images/plants/quercus-lobata.jpg","sourceUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/378621133","observationUrl":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/183122188","license":"cc-by","attribution":"(c) klicklo, some rights reserved (CC BY)","fetchedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},"evidence":[{"source":"nc-plant-toolbox","verdict":"recommend","verdictRaw":"low flammability","claims":"NC Toolbox facet capture lists \"Quercus lobata\" under the low flammability tag.","plantPart":"whole-plant","sourcePlacement":{"value":"quercus-lobata","scheme":"nc-toolbox-flammability-facet"},"edition":"live facet capture accessed 2026-08-23","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-lobata/","accessedOn":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flame height (cm): 63.6","score":{"value":63.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3238; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Engber2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engber2012: Engber, E. A., & Varner, J. M. (2012). Patterns of flammability of the California oaks: the role of leaf traits. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42, 1965-1975.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Engber2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"flaming duration (s): 45.4","score":{"value":45.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3256; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Engber2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engber2012: Engber, E. A., & Varner, J. M. (2012). Patterns of flammability of the California oaks: the role of leaf traits. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42, 1965-1975.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Engber2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"burnt biomass (%): 85.3","score":{"value":85.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3274; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Engber2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engber2012: Engber, E. A., & Varner, J. M. (2012). Patterns of flammability of the California oaks: the role of leaf traits. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42, 1965-1975.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Engber2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"},{"source":"flamits","verdict":"not-rated","verdictRaw":"smouldering duration (s): 325.1","score":{"value":325.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — smouldering duration (s)"},"claims":"FLAMITS record 3292; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Engber2012-1; sampling ND. Primary study Engber2012: Engber, E. A., & Varner, J. M. (2012). Patterns of flammability of the California oaks: the role of leaf traits. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42, 1965-1975.","plantPart":"litter","original":"Engber2012","edition":"Dryad version 9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3","documentDate":"2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","accessedOn":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"}],"flammabilityClass":"mixed-evidence","ratingReason":"limited-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","author":"grayson-graham","reviewStatus":"draft","lastVerified":"2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewNotes":"Photo auto-selected (top-voted iNat); human review pending."},"localAssessmentInputs":{"stateDistribution":["CA","NC"],"nativeStates":[],"rangeAssertions":[{"relation":"native","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA"],"regions":["TDWG level 1 7 — NORTHERN AMERICA","TDWG level 2 76 — Southwestern U.S.A.","TDWG level 3 CAL — California"]},"occurrenceStatus":"present","presenceStatus":"extant","source":"wcvp-v16","sourceVersion":"16","asOf":"2026-06-04T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},{"relation":"documented-occurrence","geography":{"grain":"state","stateCodes":["CA","NC"]},"provenance":"legacy-field"}],"usdaZoneMin":"7b","usdaZoneMax":null,"hardinessAssertions":[{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QULO","sourceTaxon":"Quercus lobata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70344, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}],"hardinessSelection":{"status":"selected","assertion":{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QULO","sourceTaxon":"Quercus lobata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70344, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"},"assertions":[{"minimum":"7b","interpretation":"minimum-threshold","precision":"half-zone","zoneMapping":"derived-containing-band","sourceMeasurement":{"kind":"minimum-temperature","value":7,"unit":"degrees-fahrenheit"},"applicability":"applicable","source":"usda-plants-characteristics","sourceRecordId":"QULO","sourceTaxon":"Quercus lobata","taxonMatch":"source-identifier","sourcePlacement":"PlantCharacteristics record 70344, Temperature, Minimum (°F)","sourceVersion":"PLANTS Help Document 2022; characteristics cache retrieved 2026-08-23","asOf":"2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z","provenance":"cited"}]},"invasiveIn":[],"statusAssertions":[],"fireEvidenceClass":"mixed-evidence","recommendation":"candidate","fireSourceScopes":[],"firePerformanceConditions":[],"maintenanceAssertions":[],"maintenanceConditions":null,"regulatoryReviews":{},"seedReviews":{}},"legacyCompatibilityProjection":{"nativeStates":["CA"],"invasiveIn":[],"usdaZoneMin":"7b"},"localAssessmentContract":"Compare each dimension separately. State noxious-weed seed designations are material-scoped and never become non-seed plant restrictions, ecological-invasive findings, nursery restrictions, alternatives, product evidence, or fire votes. Introduced/established context is not an invasive warning. Minimum-only hardiness has no inferred maximum; canonical source-temperature conversion is validated and contradictory applicable rows project no primary zone. L48 context applies only to conterminous states and is never exact-state status. Fire-performance conditions are not maintenance advice. FEIS fire-ecology context does not vote in the plant classification. Absence of a status row is not regulatory clearance."}